Ultra-Fast Fiber Lasers

Introduction Ultrahigh Capacity Demands and Short Pulse Lasers Demands Ultrashort Pulse Lasers Principal Objectives of the Book Organization of the Book Chapters Historical Overview of Ultrashort Pulse Fiber Lasers Overview Mode-Locking Mechanism in Fiber Ring Resonators Amplifying Medium and Laser System Active Modulation in Laser Cavity Techniques Generation Terahertz- Repetition-Rate Pulse Trains Necessity of Highly Nonlinear Optical Waveguide Section for Ultrahigh-Speed Modulation References 2 Principles and Analysis of Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers Principles of Mode Locking Mode-Locking Techniques Passive Mode Locking Active Mode Locking by Amplitude Modulation Active Medium and Pump Source Filter Design Modulator Design Active Mode Locking by Phase Modulation Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers Principle of Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers Multiplication of Repetition Rate Equalizing and Stabilizing Pulses in Rational HMLFL Analysis of Actively Mode-Locked Lasers Introduction Analysis Using Self-Consistence Condition w/ Gaussian Pulse Shape Series Approach Analysis Mode Locking Mode Locking without Detuning Simulation Conclusions References 3 Active Mode-Locked Fiber Ring Lasers: Implementation Building Blocks of Active Mode-Locked Fiber Ring Laser Laser Cavity Design Active Medium and Pump Source Filter Design Modulator Design AM and FM Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Ring Laser AM Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers FM or PM Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers Regenerative Active Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Ring Laser Experimental Setup Results and Discussion Noise Analysis Temporal and Spectral Analysis Measurement Accuracy EDF Cooperative Up-Conversion Pulse Dropout Ultrahigh Repetition-Rate Ultra-Stable Fiber Mode-Locked Lasers Regenerative Mode-Locking Techniques and Conditions for Generation of Transform-Limited Pulses from a Mode-Locked Laser Schematic Structure of MLRL Mode-Locking Conditions Factors Influencing the Design and Performance of Mode Locking and Generation of Optical Pulse Trains Experimental Setup and Results Remarks Conclusions References 4 NLSE Numerical Simulation of Active Mode-Locked Lasers: Time Domain Analysis Introduction The Laser Model Modeling the Optical Fiber Modeling the EDFA Modeling the Optical Modulation Modeling the Optical Filter The Propagation Model Generation and Propagation Results and Discussions Propagation of Optical Pulses in the Fiber Harmonic Mode-Locked Laser Mode-Locked Pulse Evolution Effect of Modulation Frequency Effect of Modulation Depth Effect of the Optical Filter Bandwidth Effect of Pump Power Rational Harmonic Mode-Locked Laser FM or PM Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers Concluding Remarks References 5 Dispersion and Nonlinearity Effects in Active Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers Introduction Propagation of Optical Pulses in a Fiber Dispersion Effect Nonlinear Effect Soliton Propagation Equation in Optical Fibers Dispersion Effects in Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers Zero Detuning Dispersion Effects in Detuned Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers Locking Range Nonlinear Effects in Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers Zero Detuning Detuning in an Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Laser with Nonlinearity Effect Pulse Amplitude Equalization in a Harmonic Mode-Locked Fiber Laser Soliton Formation in Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers with Combined Effect of Dispersion and Nonlinearity Zero Detuning Detuning and Locking Range in a Mode-Locked Fiber Laser with Nonlinearity and Dispersion Effect Detuning and Pulse Shortening Experimental Setup Mode-Locked Pulse Train with 0 GHz Repetition Rate Wavelength Shifting in a Detuned Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Laser with Dispersion Cavity Pulse Shortening and Spectrum Broadening under Nonlinearity Effect Conclusions References 6 Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers with Birefringent Cavity Introduction Birefringence Cavity of an Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Laser Simulation Model Simulation Results Polarization Switching in an Actively Mode-Locked FiberLaser with Birefringence Cavity Experimental Setup Results and Discussion H-Mode Regime V-Mode Regime Dual Orthogonal Polarization States in an Actively Mode-Locked Birefringent Fiber Ring Laser Experimental Setup Results and Discussion Pulse Dropout and Sub-Harmonic Locking Concluding Remarks Ultrafast Tunable Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers Introduction Birefringence Filter Ultrafast Electrically Tunable Filter Based on Electro-Optic Effect of LiNbO3 Lyot Filter and Wavelength Tuning by a Phase Shifter Experimental Results Ultrafast Electrically Tunable MLL Experimental Setup Experimental Results Concluding Remarks Conclusions References 7 Ultrafast Fiber Ring Lasers by Temporal Imaging Repetition Rate Multiplication Techniques Fractional Temporal Talbot Effect Other Repetition Rate Multiplication Techniques Experimental Setup Results and Discussion Uniform Lasing Mode Amplitude Distribution Gaussian Lasing Mode Amplitude Distribution Filter Bandwidth Influence Nonlinear Effects Noise Effects Conclusions References 8 Terahertz Repetition Rate Fiber Ring Laser Gaussian Modulating Signal Rational Harmonic Detuning Experimental Setup Results and Discussion Parametric Amplifier--Based Fiber Ring Laser Parametric Amplification Experimental Setup Results and Discussion Parametric Amplifier Action Ultrahigh Repetition Rate Operation Ultra-Narrow Pulse Operation Intracavity Power Soliton Compression Regenerative Parametric Amplifier--Based Mode-Locked Fiber Ring Laser Experimental Setup Results and Discussion Conclusions References 9 Nonlinear Fiber Ring Lasers Introduction Optical Bistability, Bifurcation, and Chaos Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror Nonlinear Amplifying Loop Mirror NOLM--NALM Fiber Ring Laser Simulation of Laser Dynamics Experiment Bidirectional Erbium-Doped Fiber Ring Laser Continuous-Wave NOLM--NALM Fiber Ring Laser Amplitude-Modulated NOLM--NALM Fiber Ring Laser Conclusions References 10 Bound Solitons by Active Phase Modulation Mode-Locked Fiber Ring Lasers Introduction Formation of Bound States in an FM Mode-Locked Fiber Ring Laser Experimental Technique Dynamics of Bound States in an FM Mode-Locked Fiber Ring Laser Numerical Model of an FM Mode-Locked Fiber Ring Laser The Formation of the Bound Soliton States Evolution of the Bound Soliton States in the FM Fiber Loop Multi-Bound Soliton Propagation in Optical Fiber Bi-Spectra of Multi-Bound Solitons Definition The Phasor Optical Spectral Analyzers Bi-Spectrum of Duffing Chaotic Systems Conclusions References 11. Actively Mode-Locked Multiwavelength Erbium-Doped Fiber Lasers Introduction Numerical Model of an Actively Mode-Locked Multiwavelength Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser Simulation Results of an Actively Mode-Locked Multiwavelength Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser Effects of Small Positive Dispersion Cavity and Nonlinear Effects on Gain Competition Suppression Using a Highly Nonlinear Fiber Effects of a Large Positive Dispersion and Nonlinear Effects Using a Highly Nonlinear Fiber in the Cavity on Gain Competition Suppression Effects of a Large Negative Dispersion and Nonlinear Effects Using a Highly Nonlinear Fiber in the Cavity on Gain Competition Suppression Effects of Cavity Dispersion and a Hybrid Broadening Gain Medium on the Tolerable Loss Imbalance between the Wavelengths Experimental Validation and Discussion on an Actively Mode-Locked Multiwavelength Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser Conclusions and Suggestions for Future Work References Appendix A: Er-Doped Fiber Amplifier: Optimum Length and Implementation Appendix B: MATLAB(R) Programs for Simulation Appendix C: Abbreviations