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The Women's House of Detention : A Queer History of a Forgotten Prison - Hugh Ryan

The Women's House of Detention

A Queer History of a Forgotten Prison

By: Hugh Ryan

Hardcover | 12 July 2022 | Edition Number 1

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This fascinating history of a now-demolished prison, and the women, transgender men, and gender nonconforming people who were held there including Ethel Rosenberg, Angela Davis, and Andrea Dworkin is a window into the policing of queerness and radical politics in the 20th century.

The Women's House of Detention, Greenwich Village's most forbidding and forgotten queer landmark, stood from 1929 to 1974, imprisoning tens of thousands from all over New York City. The little-known stories of the queer women and trans-masculine people incarcerated in this building present a uniquely queer argument for prison abolition. The "House of D" acted as a nexus, drawing queer women down to Greenwich Village from every corner of the city. Some of these women Angela Davis, Grace Paley, Andrea Dworkin, Afeni Shakur were famous, but the majority were working-class people, incarcerated for the "crimes" of being poor and improperly feminine. Today, approximately 40 percent of people in women's prisons identify as queer; in earlier decades, the percentage was almost certainly higher.

Historian Hugh Ryan explores the roots of this crisis of queer and trans incarceration, connecting misogyny, racism, state-sanctioned sexual violence, colonialism, sex work, and the failures of prison reform. At the same time, The Women's House of Detention highlights how queer relation and autonomy emerged in the most dire of circumstances: from the lesbian relationships and communities forged through the House of D, to a Black socialist's fight for a college education during the Great Depression, to the forgotten women who rioted inside the prison on the first night of the Stonewall Uprising nearby. This is the story of one building and so much more: the people it caged, the neighborhood it changed, and the resistance it inspired.

About the Author

Hugh Ryan is a writer and curator. His first book, When Brooklyn Was Queer, won a 2020 New York City Book Award, was a New York Times Editors' Choice in 2019, and was a finalist for the Randy Shilts and Lambda Literary Awards. He was honored with the 2020 Allan Berube Prize from the American Historical Association. In 2019-2021, he worked on the Hidden Voices: LGBTQ+ Stories in U.S. History curricular materials for the NYC Department of Education.

Industry Reviews
"Hugh Ryan is one of the most important historians of American life working today. The Women's House of Detention resets so many assumptions about American history, reminding us that the home of the free has always been predicated on the imprisonment of the vulnerable. Of vital importance to those interested in criminal justice reform, prison abolition, gender history, the history of sexuality and the history of poverty, as well as anyone who declares themselves knowledgeable about New York City history, this account does what history is supposed to--looking to the past to understand our broken present and possibly help us plan for a better future."--Kaitlyn Greenidge, author of Libertie
"Part history, part horror story, and part blistering critique of the country's 'criminal legal system'."--Kirkus Reviews

"A fascinating, lively, and devastating story reverberates in the pages of The Women's House of Detention. Hugh Ryan reveals the vital realities of people confined to the margins, whether behind the walls of the notorious House of D in the heart of the Village in Manhattan, or at the edges of complex communities in the tumult of twentieth-century New York City. Ryan's engrossing and rigorous history of one jail documents an intersection of gender politics, evolving queer identity, and brutal racial repression, and is essential reading in a nation that now incarcerates 30 percent of the world's women prisoners."

--Piper Kerman, author of Orange Is the New Black: My Year in a Women's Prison

"A rigorously researched and compellingly told piece of queer history that features a memorable cast of heroic characters. Ryan squarely places his subject in the context of our contemporary society to illustrate the ugly and longstanding enactment of homo/transphobic terrorism by the carceral state."

--Melissa Febos, author of Girlhood and Body Work: The Radical Power of Personal Narrative

"A truly radical, moral, and exciting history that will blow your mind. Ryan argues that it was the creation of a women's prison in the West Village that helped center lesbian life in that area. Since lesbians are poorer (no men's incomes), de-facto marginalized, and more often deprived of family support, lesbians and queer women and trans men have also been overrepresented in prisons. Using records documenting poor, white, Black, and Latina women incarcerated for criminalized lives, Ryan shows us the profound injustices of prisons themselves, and how lesbians have been demeaned and yet tried to survive. A game changer from a community-based historian."

--Sarah Schulman, author of Let the Record Show: A Political History of ACT UP New York, 1987-1993

"Hugh Ryan has gifted us with a magnificent queer history of the notorious Women's House of Detention in New York's Greenwich Village that spans almost fifty years. With an astonishing gift for digging into archives, using their own letters and voices as much as he can, Ryan illuminates those whose lives were deemed 'irredeemable.' Stories that resonate with the humanity, resourcefulness, and loving of imprisoned Black, Puerto Rican, and working-class women are combined with those of political prisoners like Claudia Jones, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Angela Davis, Andrea Dworkin, Afeni Shakur, and Joan Bird. This meticulous work shines like a lighthouse beacon on a fog-shrouded shore. A brilliant achievement."

--Bettina Aptheker, distinguished professor emerita of feminist studies, University of California, Santa Cruz

"In the 1950s and 1960s, I lived my femme lesbian life in the shadow of the Women's House of D. In the bar that was home to me, parties were held to greet released lovers or to mourn new incarcerations. The Women's House of Detention was the horizon of my early lesbian queer life; I have carried the voices of the separated lovers I heard in those hot summer streets all my years. In 1971, the building was erased from its Village corner, but Hugh Ryan refuses that erasure. These pages are thick with women and transmasculine people stepping back into our communal history, our national history. In this portrait of one prison's life we can see the nation we have become and why, where mass incarcerations of Black, Brown, and poor people have taken genocidal proportions. Ryan uses new archival sources to emphasize the prison's role in punishing nonconforming expressions of gender and love. Read this and you too will hear the lost voices reminding us both of their vitality, and of the work that still must be done. A needed, needed history."

--Joan Nestle, author and founder of the Lesbian Herstory Archives
"Expertly mining prison records and other source materials, Ryan brings these marginalized women to vivid life. This informative, empathetic narrative is a vital contribution to LGBTQ history."--Publishers Weekly
"While this book is ostensibly about the New York City Women's House of Detention, Greenwich Village's forgotten queer landmark, it is also about so much more. Ryan contextualizes the notorious prison in the realms of criminology, queer theory, women's history, geography, and many other disciplines... This blend of queer history and social history is highly recommended."--Library Journal
"By using queer history as a framework, Ryan makes the case for prison abolition stronger than ever. Part history text, part call to activism, this book is compelling from start to finish."--Buzzfeed
"In this essential, abolitionist work, historian and author of When Brooklyn Was Queer Hugh Ryan uncovers the stories of this bewildering place and of the people who populated it."--Electric Literature

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