| Acknowledgements | p. viii |
| List of abbreviations | p. ix |
| Map of Italy, c. 1300 | p. x |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| The physical environment and social services | p. 5 |
| 'A world in itself': Milan, 1288 | p. 11 |
| A vision of Padua, c. 1318 | p. 16 |
| Genoa in the late thirteenth century | p. 21 |
| Public buildings in thirteenth-century Parma | p. 23 |
| Public buildings in fourteenth-century Siena | p. 24 |
| The enlargement and decoration of the Doge's Palace, Venice, 1297-1422 | p. 30 |
| Making space for sermons: Florence, 1296 | p. 34 |
| Commune and new cathedral: Perugia, 1300 | p. 35 |
| Granary and oratory: Orsanmichele, Florence | p. 37 |
| Concealing a butchery: Pisa, 1382 | p. 37 |
| New church building: Bologna, 1390-2 | p. 38 |
| The rise and fall of urban towers | p. 39 |
| On the magnificence of his buildings: Azzone Visconti | p. 41 |
| The Sienese Opera in financial difficulties, 1299-1310 | p. 43 |
| Pittura infamante | p. 45 |
| Saintly gates | p. 46 |
| Symbols of communal strength: lions | p. 47 |
| Symbols of communal strength: carrocci | p. 48 |
| Nettezza urbana: legislation | p. 50 |
| Nettezza urbana: enforcement | p. 54 |
| Clean water: the Perugia Fountain | p. 55 |
| Public health: salaried doctors, supervised hospitals | p. 56 |
| Public subvention of education: Lucca, 1348-79 | p. 58 |
| Pistoia head-hunts a grammar teacher, 1377 | p. 61 |
| A teaching monopoly: Bassano, 1259 | p. 62 |
| Civic religion | p. 63 |
| Paradise on earth: the feast-day of St John the Baptist, Florence | p. 72 |
| The palio race in Bologna, 1288 | p. 75 |
| The costs of a feast-day in Pistoia, 1252 | p. 76 |
| Regulation of holy days: Perugia, 1342 | p. 77 |
| A popular 'saint': Alberto of Cremona | p. 79 |
| Miracles in Mantua and Bologna, c. 1300 | p. 80 |
| Rainmaking in Florence and Bergamo | p. 81 |
| Saint or heretic?: Armanno Pungilupo of Ferrara | p. 83 |
| 'Saint' Guglielma and her followers: Milan, 1300 | p. 88 |
| A corrupt inquisitor: Florence, 1346 | p. 94 |
| Bishop and popolo in conflict: Reggio, 1280 | p. 96 |
| Communal assistance to religious groups: Parma, 1261-2 | p. 97 |
| Prison releases on holy days: Perugia, 1342 | p. 98 |
| Flagellants in northern Italy, 1260 | p. 98 |
| The Bianchi, 1399 | p. 99 |
| A sermon on usury | p. 102 |
| A charitable confraternity: Piacenza, 1268 | p. 104 |
| A charitable confraternity in trouble: Orsanmichele, Florence | p. 107 |
| The urban economy | p. 109 |
| Economic growth: good and evil | p. 112 |
| The power of money: external relations | p. 114 |
| The power of money: internal relations | p. 115 |
| Wool production in Prato, 1397-8 | p. 115 |
| The Mercato Vecchio, Florence | p. 121 |
| Enforcement of urban markets: Verona and Parma | p. 125 |
| Proliferation of guilds: Perugia, 1342 | p. 127 |
| Statutes of a wool guild: Padua, 1384 | p. 128 |
| Derecognition of guilds: Ferrara, 1287 | p. 132 |
| Non-guild-worthy occupations | p. 134 |
| Promotion of local industry | p. 134 |
| The state promotes commerce | p. 136 |
| Demographic policy: controlling peasant immigration | p. 138 |
| Demographic policy: stimulating immigration of artisans | p. 140 |
| Social organization and tensions | p. 141 |
| The decadence of chivalry | p. 150 |
| Complaint against moneyed parvenus | p. 151 |
| The costs of knighthood | p. 151 |
| Ceremonial knighthood: Siena, 1326 | p. 152 |
| A miserly knight: late fourteenth-century Pistoia | p. 155 |
| Three social divisions | p. 156 |
| Pisa brought low by its new citizens | p. 157 |
| The popolo of Piacenza, 1250 | p. 158 |
| The popolo of Bologna, 1271 and 1287 | p. 161 |
| Social tensions in the kingdom of Naples, 1338-9 | p. 165 |
| Social tensions in Rome: Cola di Rienzo | p. 168 |
| Food shortage and food riot: Siena, 1328 | p. 172 |
| Revolt in a lordly city: Ferrara, 1385 | p. 175 |
| Revolt in a republic: Siena, 1371 | p. 176 |
| Social tensions in a southern town: Chieti | p. 182 |
| Fist-fights: Florence and Siena | p. 183 |
| The origins and conduct of vendetta | p. 185 |
| The pacification of vendetta | p. 187 |
| Legal penalties against vendetta: Florence, 1325 | p. 188 |
| The customs of the citizens of Piacenza, 1388 | p. 189 |
| Fine clothing only conceals the dirt | p. 193 |
| 'Greed was greater' after the plague | p. 194 |
| Civil law on clandestine marriage | p. 195 |
| Advice on the management of wives and daughters | p. 195 |
| Sorrowful marriages | p. 197 |
| Women and the patrimony: dowry law | p. 198 |
| Women in the lawcourts | p. 198 |
| Cross-dressing | p. 199 |
| Women in the streets | p. 200 |
| Confinement of prostitutes and pimps | p. 201 |
| Sumptuary law: Parma, 1258 | p. 202 |
| Sumptuary law: Bologna, 1288, 1398 | p. 202 |
| Women cleverly evade the law | p. 205 |
| Assistance to converted Jews: Perugia, 1298 | p. 207 |
| Exemptions and privileges to Jews | p. 208 |
| Jews as the enemies of the cross: Florence | p. 209 |
| 'The domestic enemy': female slaves | p. 210 |
| Contract of sale of a slave, 1388 | p. 211 |
| Political structures | p. 213 |
| A guild-based regime: Perugia | p. 216 |
| Elections of the doges of Venice | p. 218 |
| Bell-ringers | p. 220 |
| Constitutional reforms at Florence | p. 221 |
| Regulations for councils in Pisa, 1286 and 1317 | p. 224 |
| A short-lasting lordship: Pisa, 1365-8 | p. 226 |
| A shortlived 'tyranny': Fermo, 1376-80 | p. 229 |
| A long-lasting lordship: Ferrara, 1264 | p. 230 |
| Consolidation of a lordship: Verona, 1295 | p. 232 |
| Political spectacle: Florence and Ferrara | p. 233 |
| Good government under lords: Milan | p. 235 |
| The end of communal liberty I: Pisa, 1406 | p. 238 |
| The end of communal liberty II: Padua, 1405 | p. 241 |
| Further reading | p. 245 |
| Index | p. 246 |
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