| List of illustrations | p. viii |
| List of tables | p. viii |
| Acknowledgements | p. ix |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| The Japanese Challenge | p. 1 |
| Explaining the Challenge: Culture, Institutions and History | p. 3 |
| Imitation and Innovation | p. 4 |
| Technology and the Japanese Periphery | p. 5 |
| Social Networks and Innovation | p. 7 |
| The Tokugawa Heritage, 1603-1867 | |
| Society and Technology in Tokugawa Japan | p. 13 |
| Foreign Influences in a 'Closed Country' | p. 15 |
| Heredity and Hierarchy | p. 18 |
| Soroban and Sword | p. 20 |
| Science and the Samurai | p. 23 |
| 'Develop Products, Promote Enterprise' | p. 27 |
| Peace and the Printed Word | p. 32 |
| Nature of Tokugawa Technology | p. 34 |
| Silk and Cotton | p. 36 |
| Gold, Silver and Iron | p. 43 |
| Sake-brewing | p. 49 |
| Carpentry and Instrument-making | p. 51 |
| Opening the Doors | p. 55 |
| Of Cannons, Iron Furnaces and the Outer Domains | p. 55 |
| Japan and the Black Ships | p. 61 |
| Hired Foreigners and Japanese Abroad | p. 63 |
| Technology in Industrialising Japan, 1868-1945 | |
| Technology and the Meiji State, 1868-1912 | p. 71 |
| 'Under Reconstruction' | p. 71 |
| The State-centred Approach | p. 72 |
| The Revisionist Approach | p. 84 |
| The Social Network Approach | p. 88 |
| Systems-building and Science-based Industry, 1912-1937 | p. 105 |
| Corporate Research and the Social Network of Innovation | p. 106 |
| Science and Business: Company Research and the Acquisition of Technology | p. 108 |
| The State and Corporate Research | p. 122 |
| Subcontracting and Small Firms | p. 129 |
| Government Planning and the Rise of Technology Policy | p. 136 |
| A War of Science and Technology, 1937-1945 | p. 143 |
| A New Order for Science and Technology | p. 143 |
| The War and Corporate Research | p. 149 |
| Subcontracting and the 'Just-in-time' System | p. 153 |
| Scientists and Social Responsibility | p. 155 |
| The Making of a Technological Superpower, since 1945 | |
| Technology and the 'Economic Miracle', 1945-1973 | p. 161 |
| Democracy, Technology and the New Japan | p. 161 |
| Back to the Future: Technological and Industrial Recovery | p. 164 |
| Imported Technology and Indigenous Innovation | p. 166 |
| Rationalisation and the Productivity Movement | p. 172 |
| From Rationalisation to Automation: Postwar Technology Policies | p. 177 |
| The Social Network of Innovation in Postwar Japan | p. 182 |
| Technology, Society and the Environment | p. 202 |
| High-tech Japan | p. 209 |
| The Collapse of High Growth and the Birth of the 'Information Society' | p. 210 |
| Next Generation Technologies | p. 212 |
| The Changing Shape of Corporate Research | p. 219 |
| Small-scale Manufacturing and the Technopolis Vision | p. 225 |
| National Technology Projects: Nuclear Power and Space | p. 229 |
| Japan as an Exporter of Technology | p. 239 |
| Notes | p. 245 |
| Chronology | p. 271 |
| Bibliography | p. 275 |
| Index | p. 293 |
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