| Contributing Authors | |
| Preface | |
| Acknowledgments | |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Objective and approach | p. 1 |
| Content of the book | p. 5 |
| Current NATO Communications Planning (SATCOM and the NATO C3 Architecture) | p. 9 |
| Planned evolution of the NICS | p. 9 |
| Implications of the C3 architecture for NATO SATCOM | p. 11 |
| Planned evolution of the NATO SATCOM system | p. 13 |
| Future requirements | p. 17 |
| Appendix 2A: Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) | p. 24 |
| Appendix 2B: Network aspect | p. 28 |
| Appendix 2C: Post - CFE NATO CIS architecture | p. 30 |
| Comparison of NATO and Other Systems | p. 31 |
| Objective | p. 31 |
| Services and system characteristics | p. 32 |
| Environmental factors | p. 37 |
| Issues and Future Trends in Satellite Communications | p. 41 |
| Objective | p. 41 |
| Issues | p. 41 |
| Responses | p. 43 |
| Areas to be considered | p. 51 |
| Threat to Satellite Communications | p. 55 |
| The threat to NATO SATCOM post-2000 | p. 55 |
| Uplink jamming | p. 56 |
| Downlink jamming | p. 57 |
| Interception | p. 57 |
| Nuclear threat | p. 58 |
| Physical attack | p. 62 |
| Piracy (unauthorized access) | p. 66 |
| Threat Implications and Counter-Measures | p. 69 |
| ECCM techniques | p. 69 |
| Information coding | p. 92 |
| Speech coding | p. 94 |
| Satellite hardening | p. 100 |
| Appendix 6A: A suggested approach for estimating and comparing the anti-jam capabilities of SATCOM links | p. 114 |
| Appendix 6B: FEC coding for SATCOM | p. 127 |
| Environment | p. 143 |
| Propagation factors | p. 143 |
| Precipitation effects | p. 146 |
| Frequency bands | p. 147 |
| Interference and noise | p. 149 |
| Countering propagation effects | p. 154 |
| Technology Review | p. 175 |
| Device technologies for signal processing | p. 175 |
| Digital and SAW techniques for on-board processing | p. 191 |
| Appendix 8.2A: Saw-based Chirp Fourier transform | p. 204 |
| Spacecraft phased-array and MBA antennas | p. 226 |
| Appendix 8.3A: Phased array architecture | p. 233 |
| Solid-state spaceborne power amplifiers | p. 241 |
| Laser communications for intersatellite links | p. 252 |
| Appendix 8.5A: Coherent optical intersatellite crosslink systems | p. 268 |
| Laser communications to submerged submarines | p. 283 |
| Advanced materials for spacecraft | p. 291 |
| Superconductivity | p. 300 |
| Artificial intelligence and neural networks | p. 307 |
| Robotics and control | p. 315 |
| Power generation in space (*) | p. 321 |
| Spacecraft propulsion systems | p. 336 |
| Space transportation | p. 339 |
| Appendix 8.13A | p. 342 |
| Appendix 8.13B: Air-launched space booster (Pegasus) | p. 344 |
| Earth station technology | p. 348 |
| Principles for selecting sponsored R and D projects | p. 353 |
| National SATCOM Systems and Developments | p. 355 |
| UK systems | p. 355 |
| Systems and developments in the USA | p. 360 |
| Canadian systems | p. 376 |
| French systems and developments | p. 380 |
| Systems of The Federal Republic of Germany | p. 390 |
| ESA systems | p. 392 |
| Russian systems | p. 400 |
| Appendix 9A: The first "switchboard in the sky": an autonomous satellite-based Access/resource controller | p. 402 |
| Appendix 9B: LOOPUS | p. 420 |
| Appendix 9C: A review of ESA telecommunication program planning | p. 431 |
| Possible SATCOM System Architectures | p. 477 |
| Desired characteristics | p. 477 |
| Inclined elliptical orbits (Molniya, Tundra, and Loopus types) | p. 480 |
| Satellite cluster systems (CloudSat and MEWS) | p. 488 |
| Tethered satellite systems | p. 497 |
| LightSat and proliferated LEO systems | p. 498 |
| Summary evaluation | p. 500 |
| Candidate architectures | p. 504 |
| Appendix 10A: Candidate orbits for a post-2000 NATO SATCOM system | p. 517 |
| Appendix 10B: Some implications of orbits suggested in Appendix 10A | p. 544 |
| Cost-Performance Analysis | p. 551 |
| System features | p. 551 |
| Cost-performance comparison of candidate architectures | p. 552 |
| Approaches to cost reduction | p. 566 |
| Appendix 11A: Cost models for architecture comparison | p. 591 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 595 |
| Index | p. 599 |
| Table of Contents provided by Blackwell. All Rights Reserved. |
