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The Social Dimension

European Developments in Social Psychology

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Paperback | 23 July 1984

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396 Pages

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The two volumes of The Social Dimension present a comprehensive survey of the major developments in social psychology which took place in Europe during the very active 1970s and 1980s. They aim to capture the diversity and vitality of the discipline, stress the growing emphasis on fully social analyses of social psychological phenomena - hence 'the social dimension' - and to provide a valuable resource for researchers in the future. Although comprehensive in scope, the volumes are not written in the formal style of a reference handbook. Instead, the authors of the thirty-three chapters, drawn from more than a dozen mainly European countries and all experts in their own fields, were invited to present their own personal overviews of the issues in social psychology on which they were actively working. Both volumes are organized into three main Parts. Volume 1 is concerned with the social development of the child, interpersonal communication and relationships, and the social reality, group processes, and intergroup relations. This ambitious enterprise has produced a distinctive yet authoritative summary and evaluation of the growth points of social psychology in Europe which will interest and influence not only social psychologists but many readers from related disciplines.

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Non-Fiction Sociology & Anthropology Sociology Sociology & Family & Relationships Reference, Information & Interdisciplinary Subjects Interdisciplinary Studies Communication Studies Psychology Social Psychology The Self, Ego, Identity, Personality


Contributors	p. xx
The social dimension in European social psychology	p. 1
Social development
Early social interaction and the development of emotional understanding	p. 9
The children's comments on other people	p. 10
Comments about the baby	p. 12
Observations of empathetic and antipathetic actions	p. 14
The children's speech to the baby sibling	p. 16
Individual differences: the influence of the mother	p. 18
The development of responsiveness to the emotions and expressions of others	p. 22
Conclusion	p. 25
References	p. 26
The development of communicative competence with language in young children: a social psychological perspective	p. 28
Conceptions of young children	p. 28
Claims about development of mastery of language for communication	p. 31
Directives	p. 41
Epilogue	p. 43
References	p. 49
Learning: a social actualization and reconstruction of knowledge	p. 52
Cognitive and psychosociological processes: difficulties in relating them	p. 52
The learning of operatory responses	p. 55
Learning to construct a response	p. 55
Testing and learning situations	p. 56
In what circumstances do collective situations have long-term consequences?	p. 58
Mathematics in didactic situations	p. 61
Mathematics and operatory notions	p. 61
Didactic situations	p. 63
Conclusion	p. 64
References	p. 65
The development of thinking about socio-economic systems	p. 69
The shop	p. 70
The bank	p. 76
On the nature of 'social' thinking	p. 82
References	p. 87
The development of ethnic attitudes	p. 89
A background of 'race' research: national attitudes in children	p. 90
Children and race: the research	p. 93
Black attitudes	p. 98
Attitudes in action	p. 105
References	p. 107
Imperfect identities: a socio-psychological perspective for the study of the problems of adolescence	p. 111
Adolescence as an object of study for the social sciences	p. 111
A social psychological perspective	p. 117
Research on the self-system of adolescents	p. 120
Hypotheses	p. 120
Method	p. 121
Results	p. 124
Discussion	p. 126
Towards a social psychological re-definition of adolescence	p. 129
References	p. 132
Interpersonal behaviour and communication
Communication in the family and psychopathology: a social-developmental approach to deviant behaviour	p. 137
Conceptual framework: a brief outline	p. 138
Our method: a standardized communication conflict situation	p. 140
Schizophrenia and family communication: a social-developmental approach	p. 142
Towards an integrative social-developmental programme of research	p. 143
Implementation of the research programme	p. 148
Concluding remarks	p. 155
References	p. 156
The nonverbal dimension: a fad, a field, or a behavioural modality?	p. 160
Coping with stress and emotion	p. 163
Influence of attitudes and personality traits on behaviour	p. 169
Implications for person perception and attribution research	p. 177
References	p. 180
Aggression as an interpersonal phenomenon	p. 184
Conceptualizing aggression as an inter-individual phenomenon	p. 186
Emotional activation and indices of violence	p. 190
The cognitive elaboration	p. 195
Filmed violence and the social context of viewing	p. 198
References	p. 200
Justice and fairness in interpersonal relations: thoughts and suggestions	p. 204
Concerns with justice	p. 205
Justice as a motive	p. 205
Justice as a goal or a strategy?	p. 207
Justice as serving the motivation for control	p. 208
Justifications to others	p. 209
Justifications for oneself	p. 214
Concluding remarks	p. 215
Feelings of injustice	p. 215
Rules of distributive and procedural justice	p. 218
Rules of distributive justice	p. 218
Rules of procedural fairness	p. 222
Concluding remarks	p. 223
References	p. 225
Towards a comprehension of friendship development and breakdown	p. 228
A selective review of interpersonal attraction research	p. 229
The social dimension in relationships	p. 235
Initiating and developing relationships	p. 235
Relationship decline and dissolution	p. 245
Conclusions	p. 247
References	p. 247
When love dies: an integration of attraction and bereavement research	p. 250
The motivational basis of group formation: three theoretical perspectives	p. 251
The ethological approach	p. 251
Social comparison theory	p. 252
Economic and exchange theories	p. 253
Implications	p. 254
Determinants of mate selection	p. 255
Availability	p. 256
Desirability	p. 257
Compatibility	p. 258
Attitude similarity and attraction	p. 258
Partner personality and attraction	p. 259
Love, choice and constraints	p. 260
The structure of the marital relationship	p. 261
The differentiation of marital roles	p. 261
The differentiation of instrumental role functions	p. 262
The differentiation of expressive role functions	p. 263
Implications	p. 265
The consequences of bereavement	p. 267
Health-related consequences of partner loss: empirical evidence	p. 267
Mental illness	p. 267
Depression	p. 268
Physical health	p. 269
Mortality	p. 270
Suicide	p. 272
Health-related consequences of partner loss: theoretical analyses	p. 272
Implications for applied social psychology	p. 275
References	p. 275
Social contexts of individual actions
The social dimension of goal-directed action	p. 285
Outlines of our theory of action	p. 286
The theorem of action	p. 287
Individual action rests upon a social foundation	p. 289
Action requires conscious representations; consciousness is of social origin	p. 289
Phylogenetic and historical development	p. 290
Ontogenetic development	p. 291
The principal contents of action-related cognitions originate in society	p. 292
The attribution of action-related cognitions on the basis of social conventions	p. 293
The regulation of action through social conventions	p. 294
Goal-oriented action is a fundamental concept in social psychology	p. 296
Conclusions	p. 298
References	p. 298
Social rules and social rituals	p. 300
Social 'ritual'	p. 301
Psychological application	p. 301
Sociological application	p. 304
Social 'rules'	p. 305
The non-transparency of language	p. 311
Summary	p. 312
References	p. 313
Social differentiation and non-differentiation	p. 314
Similarities: the social bond and non-differentiation	p. 315
The social bond: a determining factor in non-differentiation	p. 316
Non-differentiation as a foundation of the social bond	p. 317
Social differentiation and non-differentiation	p. 320
De-individuation	p. 320
The quest for individuation and singularity	p. 321
Assertion of difference and acceptance of similarity	p. 324
Sensitivity to the theme of differences	p. 325
Self-assertion and the acceptance of similarity	p. 327
Similar and different: the PIP effect	p. 327
Identity: the quest for differentiation and non-differentiation	p. 329
The dimensions of the feeling of identity	p. 329
The content of the feeling of identity	p. 330
Identity and the quest for social recognition	p. 331
Limits and conflicts	p. 332
References	p. 333
Social differentiation in the scientific community	p. 338
Social comparison, strategies of the actors and 'comprehensive' identity	p. 338
Risk and avoidance of risk in the making of choices	p. 343
Choices, criteria and values: 'hypernormal' science and 'silent differentiation'	p. 350
References	p. 358
Subject index	p. I
Author index	p. v

Contributors	p. xvi
Representations of social reality
Attitudes in a social context	p. 363
Preference and choice	p. 364
Attitudinal differences	p. 366
Selectivity and salience	p. 367
Evaluative and descriptive language	p. 370
Polarization of judgments of attitude statements	p. 371
Positivity and normality vs. negativity and deviance	p. 373
Conclusions	p. 375
References	p. 376
Social dimensions of attribution	p. 379
Four social dimensions of attribution	p. 380
The social categorization of actors and perceivers	p. 380
The social context of judgments	p. 381
The shared nature of social cognition	p. 382
The social nature of what is to be explained	p. 383
Foundations of a theory of social attribution	p. 385
Early contributions	p. 385
More recent theoretical contributions to social attribution	p. 387
Empirical evidence for social attribution	p. 390
Selected studies	p. 390
Explanations for racial discrimination: the effect of group discussion on intergroup attribution	p. 392
Social representations and social attribution: intergroup explanations for success and failure	p. 394
Conclusion: a tentative theory of social attribution	p. 397
References	p. 400
The historical dimension of social psychology: the case of unemployment	p. 405
The social psychological effects of unemployment	p. 407
The industrial revolution of the 1980s	p. 410
The Protestant work ethic	p. 412
The language and conceptualization of unemployment	p. 416
References	p. 422
Rationality and social control in orthodox systems	p. 425
Introduction	p. 426
The term 'orthodoxy'	p. 426
In its extension	p. 426
The articulation of the concept	p. 427
The concept of ideological 'orthodoxy'	p. 429
Definitions	p. 429
Limitations	p. 431
Specifications	p. 432
Some remarks about influence, authority and social representations of the group in an orthodox system	p. 433
The experimental situation	p. 433
Hypotheses and results	p. 435
Religious orthodoxy and the norms of 'generic' rationality	p. 437
Religious orthodoxy and the effects of specific scientific information	p. 440
Conclusion	p. 443
References	p. 444
Political ideology: social psychological aspects	p. 446
Personality and ideology	p. 449
The social creation of 'extremism'	p. 455
Ideology and ambivalence	p. 461
References	p. 465
Group processes
Social groups, nonsense groups and group polarization	p. 473
The nonsense group tradition	p. 473
An outline of the study of group decision making	p. 476
The first phase: shift-to-risk	p. 476
The middle phase: reformulation	p. 479
The third phase: polarization	p. 481
Group polarization: theoretical accounts	p. 483
The individualistic level of explanation	p. 484
The group level of explanation	p. 485
The social level of explanation	p. 488
The study of social groups	p. 491
References	p. 493
The influence of minorities: ten years later	p. 498
Two models of social influence	p. 498
The theory of consistency	p. 501
The social context of minority influence	p. 505
Minority influence and social identification	p. 510
Conclusion	p. 513
References	p. 514
Social identification and psychological group formation	p. 518
Introduction: what is a psychological group?	p. 518
Social categorization and the external designation of group membership	p. 520
An identity theory of the group	p. 526
Psychological group formation as a process of identification	p. 530
Conclusion	p. 535
References	p. 536
Intergroup relations
The social psychology of intergroup relations and categorical differentiation	p. 541
The process of categorization in quantitative judgments	p. 542
Categorization in social stereotypes	p. 543
Categorization and discrimination	p. 545
Social categorization and identity	p. 546
Categorical differentiation	p. 547
The dynamics of differentiation	p. 549
Accentuation of intergroup differences and intra-group similarities	p. 552
Crossed category memberships	p. 554
References	p. 558
Intergroup differences in group perceptions	p. 560
Social categorization and social identity: cognitive and motivational principles	p. 561
Social identity and stability	p. 564
Strategies in group descriptions and evaluations	p. 571
Social competition and social cooperation	p. 574
References	p. 577
The individual and social functions of sex role stereotypes	p. 579
Social stereotypes and sex role stereotypes	p. 580
Sex role stereotypes	p. 580
The descriptive approach to sex role stereotypes	p. 580
Critique of the descriptive approach	p. 582
The individual functions of sex role stereotypes	p. 583
The social functions of sex role stereotypes	p. 586
The justification function of sex role stereotypes	p. 586
Social attribution and sex role stereotypes	p. 590
Sex role stereotypes and the function of explanation	p. 590
Comments on the research on attribution and sex categorization	p. 591
The differentiation function of social stereotypes	p. 592
Conclusions	p. 597
References	p. 600
The role of similarity in intergroup relations	p. 603
Theoretical perspectives	p. 604
Frustration--aggression theory	p. 604
Theories of similarity--attraction	p. 604
The relevance of frustration--aggression and similarity--attraction theories for intergroup relations	p. 606
Social identity theory	p. 608
The empirical evidence	p. 609
Field research	p. 610
Experimental research	p. 612
Conclusions	p. 617
Implications for theory	p. 617
Implications for practice	p. 618
References	p. 621
Social psychology and political economy	p. 624
Introduction	p. 624
Political economy	p. 625
Orthodox economics	p. 627
Conclusion	p. 629
Distribution: a problem common to social psychology and political economy	p. 630
Power	p. 630
Equity	p. 632
Social categorization	p. 635
Conclusion	p. 641
References	p. 642
Intergroup and interpersonal dimensions of bargaining and negotiation	p. 646
The balance between intergroup and interpersonal exchange: experimental work	p. 646
Variations in bargaining style	p. 646
Medium of communication and the process and outcomes of experimental negotiation	p. 649
Conclusions	p. 652
Field studies of negotiation	p. 654
Bargaining climates	p. 654
Interpersonal and intergroup stages in successful negotiation	p. 657
Management-union consultation: a form of negotiation	p. 660
Arbitration: interpersonal irresponsibility	p. 661
Webb's studies	p. 663
Conclusions	p. 665
References	p. 666
Second language acquisition: the intergroup theory with catastrophic dimensions	p. 668
Language and ethnicity	p. 671
Ethnolinguistic identity theory	p. 672
Factors affecting the salience of ethnic group membership	p. 673
Propositions	p. 674
The intergroup theory of second language learning	p. 675
The intergroup theory of second language acquisition: a cusp catastrophe model of 'intermediates'	p. 679
A preliminary evaluation	p. 683
Elaborating the model with a bias factor: dependence on first language for self-esteem	p. 687
Conclusions	p. 689
References	p. 691
Intergroup relations, social myths and social justice in social psychology	p. 695
The psychological power of social myths in intergroup relations	p. 696
Private and public morality	p. 703
Conclusion	p. 712
References	p. 714
Subject index	p. I
Author index	p. v
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

The Social Dimension

European Developments in Social Psychology

At a Glance

Paperback

Shipping

How to return your order

Defective items

You Can Find This Book In

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