The Rise of Mammals in Africa

Summary Preface Acknowledgments Prologue: The Living Fauna of African Mammals 1. Origin and First Diversification of Placental Mammals in the World and in Africa The initial explosive diversification of modern mammals When, why, and where did the mammalian explosion occur: Contradictions and reconciliation of molecular and fossil evidence What about Africa in this story? 2. The African Theater of Origins A geography of origins apart: Island Africa, 110-23 Ma Paleoenvironments in Island Africa Paleogene climates in Island Africa A heterogeneous African fossil record with long gaps Poorly dated African fossil localities 3. Mammalian Paleontology in Island Africa Prior to 66 Ma, during Cretaceous times: An African terra incognita of origins From 66 Ma to 23 Ma, the Early Cenozoic (Paleogene): Fossil discoveries in the African cradle 4. Mammal Succession and Evolution in Island Africa Paleocene-the beginnings of the placentals Eocene-the rise of emblematic African groups Oligocene-climax of African endemism From the Oligocene to the Miocene, a new world for Africa: The Old World 5. Evolution and Relationships of the Major Endemic Groups in Island Africa The afrotherians The African rodents The extinct African carnivorous mammals: Hyaenodonts Primates: Origin of the loris, galagos, lemurs, monkeys, and apes Artiodactyls: Relationships of the African anthracotheres and hippopotamid origin 6. An Overview of Mammal Evolution in Island Africa Cretaceous-Paleogene transition, 66 Ma Paleocene-Eocene transition, 56 Ma Eocene-Oligocene transition, 34 Ma Oligocene-Miocene transition, 23 Ma, and establishment of the modern African fauna The African homogeneity in time and space The success of the African story: An Island Africa connected Epilogue: What Is Next in the Quest for African Origins? Appendix Glossary Bibliography Taxa Index Subject Index