The Oxford Handbook of the Hellenistic and Roman Near East

BACKGROUND CHAPTERS 1. The Hellenistic and Roman Near East: An Introduction Rubina Raja

2. The Hellenistic Near East: A Dynamic Canvas David Engels

3. Embedding Global Diversity in the Hellenistic and Roman Near East: Setting the Agenda Miguel John Versluys

4. The Hellenistic and Roman Near East: Geography and Climate Eivind Heldaas Seland

VISUAL ARTS AND COINAGE FROM THE REGION 5. Art in Hellenistic Syria Achim Lichtenberger

6. Coinage in Hellenistic Syria Oliver D. Hoover

7. Roman Art in the Near East Olympia Bobou and Rubina Raja

8. Coinage in Roman Syria Kristina Neumann

9. Parthian Art and Coinage Olympia Bobou

10. The Sasanian Empire and Its Art Anne Hunnell Chen

11. The Visual Arts of Umayyad Syria Nadia Ali

ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SOURCES 12. Hellenistic Rule and Roman Operations in Babylonia and Assyria John MacGinnis

13. Pompey and the Near East Nathanael Andrade and Rubina Raja

14. The Impact of Rome in the Near East after the Battle of Actium and the Rise of Herod: Politics and Art Intertwined Olympia Bobou and Rubina Raja

15. Roman Colonies in the Near East Julien Aliquot

16. The Roman Army in Syria: Size, Mission, Deployment, and Interactions Michael A. Speidel

17. Road and Transport Networks in Hellenistic and Roman Syria Adam Pa%zout

18. The Jewish Wars, the Roman Emperors, and Their Impact Kimberley Czajkowski

19. Divus Traianus Parthicus and the Middle East Karl Strobel

20. Hadrian in the East Mary T. Boatwright

21. The Severans: A Near Eastern Roman Empire? Julia Hoffmann-Salz

22. The Parthians: An Empire on the Rise Peter Edwell

23. The Roman Near East in the Time of the Tetrarchy and Constantine I (AD 284-337) Volker Menze

24. Religious Life in the Near East: Plurality, Variation, and Innovation Nathanael Andrade

25. The Christian Near East in Late Antiquity Volker Menze

REGIONS AND PLACES 26. Urbanization and Cities in the Hellenistic and Roman Near East Olympia Bobou and Rubina Raja

27. Nomads in the Classical and Byzantine Near East Gideon Avni and Steven A Rosen

28. Commagene Matthew P. Canepa

29. Edessa (4th Century BC to the 8th Century AD) Hartmut Leppin

30. The Hellenistic Forts on the Euphrates in Syria and Jebel Khalid Graeme Clarke

31. Europos-Dura (ca. 300 BC-AD 256) Pierre Leriche

32. The Cities of Persia Henry P. Colburn

33. Parthian Sites in Iran and Central Asia Leonardo Gregoratti

34. Parthian Hatra and the Artistic koinè in the Figurative Arts of the Syrian-Mesopotamian Steppe Lucinda Dirven

35. Palmyra Olympia Bobou

36. Hellenistic and Roman Hauran: A Well-Connected Near Eastern Region with a Local Style Anna-Katharina Rieger

37. Damascus and the Region: Fourth Century BC-Eighth Century AD Ross Burns

38. Temples, Tombs, and Villages: The Limestone Massif in North Syria Michael Blömer

39. Hierapolis and Doliche: Two Cities of Ancient North Syria and their Cults Michael Blömer

40. The Tetrapolis Region: Cities and Culture Catherine Saliou

41. Antioch on the Orontes: The Urban Image Andrea U. De Giorgi

42. Apamea on the Orontes Janine Balty and Jean-Charles Balty

43. The Decapolis Olympia Bobou and Rubina Raja

44. Hellenistic and Roman Phoenicia Corinne Bonnet

45. Hellenistic and Roman Baalbek and the Bekaa Simone Eid Paturel

46. Mount Hermon Julien Aliquot

47. Iudaea/Palaestina Avner Ecker

48. Petra during the Nabataean, Roman, and Byzantine Periods Laurent Tholbecq

49. Eastern Arabia and the Persian Gulf in the Hellenistic and Late Antique Period R. A. Carter

50. Arabia from the Hellenistic to the Late Roman/Byzantine Period Stephan G. Schmid and Zbigniew T. Fiema