| Editors' introduction | p. v |
| Introduction: Science and pseudoscience | p. 1 |
| Falsification and the methodology of scientific research programmes | p. 8 |
| Science: reason or religion? | p. 8 |
| Fallibilism versus falsificationism | p. 10 |
| Dogmatic (or naturalistic) falsificationism. The empirical basis | p. 12 |
| Methodological falsificationism. The 'empirical basis' | p. 20 |
| Sophisticated versus naive methodological falsificationism. Progressive and degenerating problemshifts | p. 31 |
| A methodology of scientific research programmes | p. 47 |
| Negative heuristic: the 'hard core' of the programme | p. 48 |
| Positive heuristic: the construction of the 'protective belt' and the relative autonomy of theoretical science | p. 49 |
| Two illustrations: Prout and Bohr | p. 52 |
| Prout: a research programme progressing in an ocean of anomalies | p. 53 |
| Bohr: a research programme progressing on inconsistent foundations | p. 55 |
| A new look at crucial experiments: the end of instant rationality | p. 68 |
| The Michelson-Morley experiment | p. 73 |
| The Lummer-Pringsheim experiments | p. 79 |
| Beta-decay versus conservation laws | p. 81 |
| Conclusion. The requirement of continuous growth | p. 86 |
| The Popperian versus the Kuhnian research programme | p. 90 |
| Popper, falsificationism and the 'Duhem-Quine thesis' | p. 93 |
| History of science and its rational reconstructions | p. 102 |
| Introduction | p. 102 |
| Rival methodologies of science; rational reconstructions as guides to history | p. 103 |
| Inductivism | p. 103 |
| Conventionalism | p. 105 |
| Methodological falsificationism | p. 108 |
| Methodology of scientific research programmes | p. 110 |
| Internal and external history | p. 118 |
| Critical comparison of methodologies: history as a test of its rational reconstructions | p. 121 |
| Falsificationism as a meta-criterion: history 'falsifies' falsificationism (and any other methodology) | p. 123 |
| The methodology of historiographical research programmes. History --to varying degrees--corroborates its rational reconstructions | p. 131 |
| Against aprioristic and anti-theoretical approaches to methodology | p. 136 |
| Conclusion | p. 138 |
| Popper on demarcation and induction | p. 139 |
| Introduction | p. 139 |
| Popper on demarcation | p. 140 |
| Popper's game of science | p. 140 |
| How can one criticize the rules of the scientific game? | p. 144 |
| A quasi-Polanyiite 'falsification' of Popper's demarcation criterion | p. 146 |
| An amended demarcation criterion | p. 148 |
| An amended meta-criterion | p. 151 |
| Negative and positive solutions to the problem of induction: scepticism and fallibilism | p. 154 |
| The game of science and the search for truth | p. 154 |
| A plea to Popper for a whiff of 'inductivism' | p. 159 |
| (with Elie Zahar) Why did Copernicus's research programme supersede Ptolemy's? | p. 168 |
| Introduction | p. 168 |
| Empiricist accounts of the 'Copernican Revolution' | p. 169 |
| Simplicism | p. 173 |
| Polyanyiite and Feyerabendian accounts of the Copernican revolution | p. 176 |
| The Copernican revolution in the light of the methodology of scientific research programmes | p. 178 |
| The Copernican revolution in the light of Zahar's new version of the methodology of scientific research programmes | p. 184 |
| A postscript on history of science and its rational reconstructions | p. 189 |
| Newton's effect on scientific standards | p. 193 |
| The justificationist high road to psychologism and mysticism | p. 193 |
| Justificationism and its two poles: dogmatism and scepticism | p. 193 |
| Psychologistic justificationism | p. 195 |
| Justificationist fallibilism | p. 198 |
| Newtonian methodology versus Newtonian method | p. 201 |
| Newton's problem: the clash between standards and acheivements | p. 201 |
| Newtonians against metaphysical criticism | p. 202 |
| Newton's idea of experimental proof and its credo quid absurdum | p. 208 |
| Newtonians and factual criticism | p. 214 |
| Newton's double legacy | p. 220 |
| References | p. 223 |
| Lakatos bibliography | p. 237 |
| Indexes | p. 240 |
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