Important Biological Features | p. 1 |
Hamsters | p. 1 |
Origin of the Hamster | p. 1 |
Hamster Breeds | p. 1 |
Hamster Behavior | p. 1 |
Anatomic and Physiologic Features of Hamsters | p. 3 |
Gerbils | p. 6 |
Origin of the Gerbil | p. 6 |
Gerbil Breeds | p. 7 |
Gerbil Behavior | p. 7 |
Anatomic and Physiologic Features of Gerbils | p. 8 |
Normative Values of the Hamster and Gerbil | p. 9 |
Husbandry | p. 13 |
Housing | p. 13 |
Macroenviornment Considerations | p. 14 |
Room Construction Features | p. 14 |
Microenvironment/Caging Considerations | p. 15 |
Cage Size Standards | p. 16 |
Cage Materials and Design | p. 18 |
Environmental Conditions | p. 21 |
Environmental Enrichment | p. 22 |
Nutrition | p. 24 |
Cage Sanitation Practices | p. 27 |
Cage Cleaning Frequency | p. 28 |
Special Circumstances | p. 30 |
Methods of Cage Sanitation | p. 30 |
Animal Room Sanitation | p. 33 |
Sanitation Quality Control | p. 35 |
Transportation | p. 36 |
Animal Receipt | p. 39 |
Record Keeping | p. 40 |
Health Records | p. 41 |
Census | p. 41 |
Work Records | p. 42 |
Breeding | p. 43 |
Hamsters | p. 43 |
Gerbils | p. 46 |
Management | p. 49 |
Regulatory Agencies and Compliance | p. 49 |
Occupational Health and Zoonotic Diseases | p. 55 |
Bacteria | p. 55 |
Other Occupational Health Issues | p. 57 |
Parasites | p. 57 |
Viruses | p. 58 |
Experimental Biohazards | p. 58 |
Veterinary Care | p. 59 |
Veterinary Supplies | p. 59 |
The Physical Examination | p. 60 |
Quarantine, Stabilization, and Acclimation | p. 62 |
Common Clinical Problems | p. 62 |
Diseases of Hamsters | p. 63 |
Bacterial Diseases | p. 63 |
Viral Diseases | p. 64 |
Parasitic Diseases | p. 65 |
Ectoparasitic Arthropods | p. 68 |
Miscellaneous Diseases | p. 69 |
Common Diseases of Gerbils | p. 69 |
Bacterial Diseases | p. 69 |
Viral Diseases | p. 70 |
Parasitic Diseases | p. 70 |
Miscellaneous Diseases and Conditions | p. 71 |
Drug Dosages for Hamsters and Gerbils | p. 72 |
Disease Prevention Through Sanitation | p. 75 |
Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Sedation | p. 75 |
Principles of General Anesthesia | p. 78 |
Administering Anesthesia | p. 78 |
Stages of Anesthesia | p. 79 |
Assessment of Anesthetic Depth | p. 80 |
Postanesthetic Monitoring | p. 81 |
Characteristics of Commonly Used Injectable Anesthetics | p. 83 |
Principles of Gas Anesthesia | p. 84 |
Preanesthetic Management | p. 85 |
Premedication, Sedation, Tranquilization, and Chemical Restraint | p. 85 |
Aseptic Surgery | p. 86 |
Asepsis | p. 86 |
Operating Room Procedures | p. 86 |
Patient Preparation | p. 87 |
Surgical Site Preparation | p. 88 |
Surgeon Preparation | p. 89 |
Basic Surgical Techniques | p. 90 |
Surgical Principles to Promote Wound Healing | p. 90 |
Wound Closure | p. 91 |
Complications of Wound Healing | p. 91 |
Guidelines for Selecting Sutures | p. 92 |
Sutures for Closure of Incisions | p. 92 |
Organ and Tissue Sutures | p. 93 |
Suture Needles | p. 94 |
Suturing | p. 94 |
Surgical Knot Tying | p. 95 |
Suture Removal | p. 95 |
Postoperative Management of Pain | p. 96 |
Analgesia | p. 96 |
Postoperative Care of Animals | p. 97 |
Euthanasia | p. 98 |
When to Euthanize an Animal | p. 98 |
Guidelines for Recognizing Morbid and Moribund Animals | p. 98 |
Signs of Morbidity (Disease or Illness) in Animals | p. 99 |
Selected Criteria for Euthanasia of Moribund (Dying) Animals | p. 99 |
Common Methods of Euthanasia | p. 101 |
Barbiturate Overdose | p. 101 |
Inhalant Anesthesia | p. 101 |
Physical Methods | p. 101 |
Experimental Methodology | p. 103 |
Hamster Handling and Restraint | p. 103 |
Methods for Picking a Hamster Up | p. 103 |
Hamster Restraint | p. 105 |
Gerbil Handling and Restraint | p. 106 |
Sample Collection | p. 107 |
Blood Collection Sites | p. 107 |
Blood Volume | p. 108 |
Blood Collection Vials | p. 109 |
Blood Collection | p. 109 |
Urine and Feces Collection | p. 113 |
Test Article/Compound Administration | p. 113 |
Parenteral Route | p. 113 |
Oral Route | p. 117 |
Water and Food | p. 120 |
Implantable Osmotic Pumps | p. 120 |
Necropsy | p. 120 |
Equipment | p. 120 |
Technique | p. 122 |
Resources | p. 125 |
Organizations | p. 125 |
Publications | p. 127 |
Electronic | p. 130 |
Purchasing Hamsters and Gerbils | p. 131 |
Feed | p. 130 |
Cages, Research, and Veterinary Supplies | p. 132 |
Bibliography | p. 135 |
Index | p. 141 |
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