Preface xi
Anne DAMBRICOURT MALASS, Bernard AUTET, Sandra JOFFROY and Djillali HADJOUIS
Acknowledgments xix
Introduction xxi
Anne DAMBRICOURT MALASS, Bernard AUTET, Sandra JOFFROY and Djillali HADJOUIS
Part 1. Paleontological Perspectives 1
Chapter 1. The Future of Sapiens: A Question of Verticality, Proof by Neanderthal Man 3
Anne DAMBRICOURT MALASS, Djillali HADJOUIS, Sandra JOFFROY and Bernard AUTET
1.1. At the origins of straightening: the embryo, not locomotion 3
1.2. Human embryogenesis 6
1.3. Current non-human primates 14
1.4. Occluso-postural balance of Homo sapiens: the contribution of dento-facial orthopedics and the examples studied 18
1.5. The skeleton of Homo neanderthalensis 22
1.6. Conclusion 34
1.7. References 37
Chapter 2. Middle Meningeal Vascularization in Neanderthals, and Their Cardiovascular System 47
Sandra JOFFROY, Anne DAMBRICOURT MALASS and Djillali HADJOUIS
2.1. Introduction 47
2.2. Bone anatomies of the Neanderthal compared to modern anatomy and the extinct taxa of the genus Homo: the skull 48
2.3. The state of current knowledge versus archaic, and vice versa 55
2.4. Current data versus postnatal development and aging 57
2.5. Conclusion 64
2.6. References 65
Chapter 3. Virtual Reconstruction of the Skull Base of Sinanthropus (Homo erectus pekinensis) 71
Tan-Nhu NGUYEN, Anne DAMBRICOURT MALASS, Marie-Christine HO BA THO, Fabienne LALLOUET and Tien-Tuan DAO
3.1. Introduction 71
3.2. Materials and methods 74
3.3. Reconstruction of the three basioccipital fossae of Sinanthropus III 78
3.4. Validation 80
3.5. The sphenoid angle: discussion 82
3.6. Conclusion 83
3.7. Acknowledgments 83
3.8. References 83
Chapter 4. Characterization and Modeling of Morphological Evolutions in Bones 87
Marie-Christine HO BA THO
4.1. Introduction 87
4.2. Methodology 88
4.3. Clinical applications 89
4.4. Conclusion 90
4.5. References 90
Part 2. Current Perspectives: From the Fetus to Life in Space 93
Chapter 5. Pre- and Postnatal Haptonomy: An Early Humanization 95
Catherine DOLTO
5.1. Introduction 95
5.2. Haptonomy 96
5.3. Haptonomic pre- and postnatal accompaniment, or preparation of verticality during prenatal life 99
5.4. The endomesoblast: the embryological foundation of verticality 104
5.5. Epigenetics and neural plasticity 108
5.6. The two axes of humanity 108
5.7. Another to stand up straight 110
5.8. Verticalization and postnatal work 110
5.9. Conclusion 112
5.10. References 114
Chapter 6. New Paradigm for Human Parturition 115
July BOUHALLIER
6.1. Introduction 115
6.2. The pelvis and obstetric function 117
6.3. Human maternal mortality 123
6.4. Maternal mortality due to dystocia 127
6.5. The dilemma: paradigm of human parturition 128
6.6. Evolution and the midwife 130
6.7. Recent hypotheses and new perspectives 131
6.8. Prolapse and large babies 132
6.9. Conclusion 134
6.10. References 136
Chapter 7. How Upright Posture Endures Despite Deficits in Core Postural Motor Control 145
V©ronique LEROY-MALHERBE, lise PINEAU and Virginie PINEAU
7.1. Introduction 145
7.2. Report of two clinical cases 146
7.3. Discussion 149
7.4. Integrative factors affecting posture 159
7.5. Conclusion 163
7.6. Acknowledgments 164
7.7. References 164
Chapter 8. Contribution to the Study of the Postural Evolution of Patients in a Dental Office 171
Michel CLAUZADE and Numa CLAUZADE
8.1. Introduction 171
8.2. The trigeminal nerve: neuro-matrix axis of the face 172
8.3. Oral and clavicular ventilation 178
8.4. The skeletal classes 181
8.5. Conclusion 184
8.6. References 184
Chapter 9. Homo sapiens and Verticality: The Contribution of Research in Space Medicine and Posturology 187
Denis DUCOMMUN and Lo¯c TREFFEL
9.1. Introduction 187
9.2. Control of upright posture in Homo sapiens 188
9.3. Effects of microgravity on human physiology: deconditioning 194
9.4. Countermeasures to deconditioning 198
9.5. Parallel between a stay in space and aging 200
9.6. Spaceflight and disruptions of postural inputs. 201
9.7. Avenues for reflection and application in current clinical practice 202
9.8. Practical consequences 203
9.9. Conclusion 205
9.10. Acknowledgments 206
9.11. References 206
Conclusion 215
Anne DAMBRICOURT MALASS, Sandra JOFFROY, Djillali HADJOUIS and Bernard AUTET
List of Authors 221
Index 223
