| Preface | p. ix |
| Acknowledgements | p. xi |
| Glossary | p. xv |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| The history of electric cars up to 1990 | p. 6 |
| The early days | p. 6 |
| The first road vehicles | p. 9 |
| Competition for speed and reliability | p. 11 |
| Electric vehicles compete with steam and gasoline | p. 15 |
| The golden age | p. 16 |
| Cost problems for electric drive | p. 19 |
| The dark ages (1925-1960) | p. 19 |
| The modern era | p. 20 |
| The 1960s | p. 20 |
| The 1970s | p. 24 |
| The 1980s | p. 25 |
| General References | p. 28 |
| Propulsion methods | p. 29 |
| DC motors | p. 29 |
| Series-wound motors | p. 31 |
| Shunt-wound motors | p. 33 |
| Compound-wound motors | p. 33 |
| Separately excited motors | p. 33 |
| AC motors | p. 34 |
| Induction motors | p. 35 |
| Synchronous motors | p. 37 |
| The brushless DC motor | p. 39 |
| Switched reluctance motors | p. 40 |
| Motor cooling | p. 43 |
| Transmission systems | p. 44 |
| References | p. 47 |
| General References | p. 47 |
| Controls and power electronics | p. 48 |
| Electronic energy management | p. 49 |
| Power electronics | p. 52 |
| Power switching devices | p. 54 |
| The bipolar Darlington | p. 55 |
| The thyristor | p. 56 |
| The gate turn-off thyristor (GTO) | p. 57 |
| The MOS-controlled thyristor (MCT) | p. 58 |
| The MOSFET | p. 58 |
| The insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) | p. 59 |
| Semiconductor cooling | p. 60 |
| Capacitors | p. 62 |
| Current measurement | p. 63 |
| References | p. 64 |
| Energy sources 1--Storage batteries | p. 65 |
| Lead-acid | p. 69 |
| Advanced lead-acid | p. 70 |
| Valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) | p. 71 |
| Metal foil lead-acid | p. 74 |
| Nickel-iron | p. 75 |
| Nickel-zinc | p. 76 |
| Nickel-cadmium | p. 77 |
| Nickel-metal hydride | p. 78 |
| Sodium-sulphur | p. 79 |
| Sodium-nickel chloride | p. 80 |
| Lithium-iron sulphide | p. 81 |
| Lithium-solid polymer | p. 82 |
| Lithium-ion | p. 83 |
| Aluminium-air and zinc-air | p. 84 |
| Batteries for hybrid vehicles | p. 85 |
| Summary--storage batteries | p. 86 |
| References | p. 86 |
| Energy sources 2--Other technologies | p. 88 |
| The supercapacitor | p. 88 |
| Fuel-cells | p. 89 |
| Solar cells | p. 92 |
| The flywheel | p. 93 |
| The hydraulic accumulator | p. 96 |
| Compressed-air storage | p. 97 |
| Thermal energy storage | p. 97 |
| Summary--non-battery energy sources | p. 97 |
| References | p. 98 |
| Charging | p. 99 |
| Early systems | p. 99 |
| Charging techniques for modern lead-acid batteries | p. 101 |
| Charging techniques for nickel-based batteries | p. 105 |
| Charging techniques for non-aqueous batteries | p. 107 |
| Battery state-of-charge measurement | p. 107 |
| Battery management | p. 109 |
| Connection methods | p. 111 |
| Battery exchange | p. 115 |
| Infrastructure implications | p. 116 |
| Recharging/refuelling of other power storage devices | p. 118 |
| References | p. 119 |
| Vehicle design and safety | p. 121 |
| Effect of battery weight and volume | p. 121 |
| Designing for minimum weight | p. 122 |
| Safety of batteries | p. 123 |
| Safety of alternative energy generating and storage systems | p. 125 |
| Battery disposal and recycling | p. 126 |
| Safety of other electrical systems | p. 126 |
| General design and safety issues | p. 127 |
| Heating and air-conditioning | p. 127 |
| Auxiliary power subsystem | p. 128 |
| Braking, suspension and wheel systems | p. 128 |
| Rolling resistance | p. 129 |
| References | p. 131 |
| Battery electric cars | p. 132 |
| Production electric cars | p. 132 |
| The General Motors EV1 | p. 134 |
| The Ford Th!nk City | p. 137 |
| The Nissan Hypermini | p. 139 |
| The Toyota RAV 4 EV | p. 140 |
| Prototype and experimental electric cars | p. 141 |
| Hybrid electric cars | p. 142 |
| Hybrid system configurations | p. 143 |
| All-electric hybrid vehicles | p. 144 |
| Electromechanical hybrid vehicles | p. 145 |
| Heat engine-electric hybrid vehicles | p. 146 |
| Series hybrids | p. 147 |
| Parallel hybrids | p. 148 |
| Hybrid concepts | p. 151 |
| Production hybrid cars | p. 154 |
| The Honda Insight | p. 154 |
| The Toyota Prius | p. 156 |
| The Nissan Tino | p. 163 |
| Prototype and experimental hybrid cars | p. 163 |
| References | p. 164 |
| General References | p. 164 |
| Fuel-cell electric cars | p. 165 |
| Hydrogen fuelling | p. 165 |
| Reforming | p. 166 |
| Infrastructure | p. 169 |
| Safety | p. 170 |
| Prototype and experimental fuel-cell electric cars | p. 173 |
| References | p. 173 |
| Economics of electric cars | p. 174 |
| Electric car cost comparisons | p. 174 |
| Cost of batteries and fuel-cells | p. 176 |
| Hybrid costs | p. 177 |
| Electricity supply and charging | p. 178 |
| Charging at home and away | p. 179 |
| Can the electric car compete economically? | p. 179 |
| References | p. 180 |
| Future developments | p. 181 |
| Propulsion methods | p. 182 |
| Energy sources | p. 182 |
| Controls and power electronics | p. 186 |
| Charging | p. 187 |
| Vehicle design and safety | p. 189 |
| Hybrid technology | p. 190 |
| The electric car of 2025 | p. 190 |
| References | p. 193 |
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