The Ecology of the Fish Pond Ecosystem

Part 1 Pond soil: importance of soil for the productivity of water; importance of the colloidal properties of a soil; importance of pH and redox potential properties; importance of calcium in soil; importance of nitrogen in the sediments; importance of phosphorus in sediments; importance of sulfur and iron; importance of organic matter and its decomposition in the sediments. Part 2 Water and productivity: importance of physical characteristics of water; importance of dissolved oxygen in ponds; importance of conductivity and alkaline ions; importance of alkalinity; hardness, pH and carbon dioxide; importance of liming; importance of nutrients for the production of natural feed; nitrogen and nitrogen compounds in water - salient points; nitrogen fertilizer application; phosphorus and phosphorus compounds in water; salient points; phosphorus fertilizer application; organic fertilizers, role and use; importance of silicon, sulfur and iron in water. Part 3 Productivity and fish production: natural productivity - what the concept covers; photosynthesis determinants and influence of light; phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity; importance of elimination of algae; phytoplankton life-strategies and behaviour; influence of nutrient concentrations; influence of zooplankton on the plankton community; the bacterial food loop - contribution to production; importance of fish on plankton production; fish production in ponds.