| List of maps | p. ix |
| List of text-figures | p. x |
| Preface | p. xiii |
| Sources, chronology, method | p. 1 |
| Greece after the Persian Wars | p. 15 |
| The Delian League to 449 B.C. | p. 34 |
| The foundation of the League | p. 34 |
| The early history of the League | p. 40 |
| The ambitions of the Athenian democrats | p. 49 |
| The mid-century crisis | p. 54 |
| The Athenian revolution | p. 62 |
| Athens after the Persian Wars | p. 62 |
| The reform of the Areopagus | p. 67 |
| Periclean democracy | p. 77 |
| The impact of Athenian democracy | p. 87 |
| Mainland Greece, 479-451 B.C. | p. 96 |
| From 479 to 461 | p. 96 |
| The 'First Peloponnesian War' | p. 111 |
| The Thirty Years' Peace | p. 121 |
| The Peace of Callias | p. 121 |
| The empire established | p. 127 |
| 446 B.C. | p. 133 |
| After the Peace | p. 138 |
| Sicily, 478-431 B.C. | p. 147 |
| Sicily in the age of Hiero | p. 149 |
| The fall of the tyrannies | p. 154 |
| The Sicel movement | p. 161 |
| Democracy and culture at Syracuse and Acragas | p. 165 |
| Greek culture, religion and society in the fifth century B.C. | |
| Art: Archaic to Classical | p. 171 |
| Style and iconology | p. 171 |
| Artists and patrons | p. 180 |
| Classical cities and sanctuaries | p. 184 |
| Rebuilding in Athens and Attica | p. 206 |
| Panhellenic cults and panhellenic poets | p. 223 |
| The panhellenic festivals in the fifth century B.C. | p. 223 |
| The religious character of the games | p. 226 |
| The order and development of the festivals | p. 229 |
| The athletes: background and careers | p. 232 |
| Poets and patrons | p. 237 |
| The poems | p. 239 |
| Aftermath | p. 243 |
| Athenian cults and festivals | p. 245 |
| Continuity and change | p. 245 |
| Note on the sources | p. 248 |
| The cycle of the year | p. 249 |
| Polis religion: cults defining identity | p. 256 |
| Divination | p. 262 |
| The Mysteries | p. 264 |
| Private piety | p. 265 |
| Athenian religion and literature | p. 268 |
| Introduction | p. 268 |
| Tragedy | p. 272 |
| Comedy | p. 282 |
| Society and economy | p. 287 |
| Athens as a cultural centre | p. 306 |
| The economic and social background | p. 306 |
| Religion and empire | p. 312 |
| The visual arts | p. 314 |
| Literature | p. 323 |
| Philosophy, rhetoric and science | p. 338 |
| The impact on Athens | p. 351 |
| The Archidamian War | p. 370 |
| The causes of the war | p. 370 |
| War | p. 380 |
| The Peace of Nicias and the Sicilian Expedition | p. 433 |
| The failure of the Peace | p. 433 |
| Mantinea and the aftermath | p. 437 |
| Athenian policy and politics | p. 440 |
| Melos | p. 444 |
| Sicily: the first phase | p. 446 |
| Sicily: Gylippus and the turn of the tide | p. 453 |
| Sicily: the final disaster | p. 460 |
| The Spartan resurgence | p. 464 |
| War in Ionia and Persian intervention | p. 464 |
| The beginnings of the Athenian revolution | p. 471 |
| The Four Hundred | p. 474 |
| The Five Thousand replace the Four Hundred | p. 479 |
| The Hellespont campaigns and the return of Alcibiades | p. 481 |
| Lysander and the collapse of Athens | p. 489 |
| Epilogue | p. 496 |
| Chronological notes | p. 499 |
| Chronological table | p. 506 |
| Bibliography | |
| Abbreviations | p. 514 |
| General | p. 518 |
| Chronology | p. 522 |
| Sources | p. 523 |
| Historiography | p. 523 |
| Inscriptions | p. 527 |
| Coinage | p. 530 |
| Athens: internal affairs | p. 531 |
| The Athenian empire | p. 535 |
| The Greek states | p. 539 |
| The Peloponnesian War | p. 541 |
| Sicily | p. 543 |
| General | p. 543 |
| Hiero and Theron | p. 544 |
| Fall of tyrannies, constitutional history | p. 544 |
| Sicel movement | p. 545 |
| Syracuse and Tyrrhenian affairs | p. 546 |
| Coinage | p. 546 |
| Art and architecture | p. 547 |
| Literature and philosophy | p. 554 |
| Religion and festivals | p. 557 |
| Society and economy | p. 561 |
| Index | p. 567 |
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