The 1848 Revolutions in German-Speaking Europe

PrefaceApproaches to the German revolutions of 1848/9Structure of the bookAuthor's acknowledgements and editorial policy1 German society in transition (1789-1815)VlllVlllXIlXlll1The impact of the French Revolution of 1789 1Intellectual responses to the French Revolution of 1789 2The struggle for supremacy between Austria and Prussia 5Events in Switzerland and other non-imperial Germanspeaking territories 8The emergence of a 'Third Germany' 9Constitutional and socio-economic reforms 10Reforms in Prussia and Austria 12The wars of liberation and the restoration of the old order 142 The 'Holy Alliance' and Vorm¤rz: the demise ofthe German ancien regime and the preface tothe revolutionsThe German Confederation, a battle-ground for forces of18reaction and modernization 19The period of re action (1815-30) 21From re action to protest: the role of the intelligentsia 26Religious strife 30The nationality issue and the formation of political groups 32Political literature during the Vorm¤rz 34Social and economic conditions within the Confederation 36The Swiss civil war 403 The March and April revolutions in the'Third Germany'The impact of the French February RevolutionObservations on the social strata in the 'Third Germany'The rural population46465353v ContentsArtisans and industrial workers 55The 1848 uprising in Baden and its impact on otherGerman regions 58The role of established protest groups 65Government responses and the establishment of thePre-Parliament 704 The revolutions in Vienna and Berlin 77The revolution in Vienna: Social and economic conditions 77Vienna's March revolution 80From the May revolution to the September crisis 82The 'October revolution' and reactionary victory 87The revolution in Berlin 89Social and economic conditions in Berlin 90The '