| Preface | p. ix |
| Acknowledgements | p. xi |
| Country and Manufacturing Industry Background | |
| Country Background | p. 3 |
| History | p. 3 |
| Colonial legacy | p. 3 |
| Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) | p. 4 |
| Independence | p. 5 |
| Geography and Natural Resources | p. 8 |
| Mineral resources | p. 8 |
| Agriculture | p. 8 |
| Policy and Market Environment | p. 10 |
| Adjustment | p. 11 |
| Market imperfections | p. 13 |
| Racial attitudes | p. 13 |
| Market orientation | p. 14 |
| Political and other non-economic constraints | p. 15 |
| Manufacturing Industry | p. 18 |
| Industrialization | p. 18 |
| Factors of Production | p. 20 |
| Raw materials | p. 20 |
| Labour | p. 21 |
| Capital stock | p. 22 |
| Organization and management | p. 24 |
| Policy | p. 24 |
| Education, Science and Technology | p. 26 |
| Education | p. 26 |
| Science and Technology Inputs | p. 27 |
| Science and Technology Outputs | p. 27 |
| Patents | p. 27 |
| Scientific papers | p. 29 |
| Support Institutions | p. 30 |
| Harare Polytechnic | p. 31 |
| Standards Association of Zimbabwe (SAZ) | p. 31 |
| Small Enterprises Development Corporation (SEDCO) | p. 32 |
| Conceptual Framework and Methodology | |
| Conceptualization of Technology | p. 37 |
| Technological development as an Evolutionary Process | p. 37 |
| Technology acquisition | p. 37 |
| Modification of technology | p. 38 |
| The creation of technology | p. 39 |
| Organizing for Technology Acquisition and Technological Change | p. 40 |
| Internal division of labour and size of firm | p. 40 |
| Research and experimental development | p. 41 |
| Industrial engineering | p. 42 |
| Other engineering functions | p. 42 |
| Methodology | p. 44 |
| Field Work | p. 44 |
| Sample | p. 45 |
| Industry breakdown | p. 45 |
| Location | p. 46 |
| Size | p. 46 |
| Ownership and ethnic origin | p. 47 |
| Survey Hypotheses | p. 48 |
| Country characteristics | p. 48 |
| Industry characteristics | p. 49 |
| Firm characteristics | p. 50 |
| Manufacturing Technology Acquisition and Operation | |
| Acquisition of Technology | p. 55 |
| Origin of the Firm and Initial Studies | p. 55 |
| Source and Characteristics of the Equipment | p. 57 |
| Equipment selection | p. 57 |
| Age of the machinery and equipment | p. 58 |
| Equipment sources | p. 58 |
| New or used equipment? | p. 59 |
| Satisfaction with current equipment | p. 60 |
| Technical start-up problems | p. 61 |
| Use of Disembodied Foreign Technology | p. 62 |
| Plant Technical Operating Capabilities | p. 65 |
| General | p. 65 |
| Troubleshooting | p. 67 |
| Quality Control | p. 68 |
| Maintenance and Repair | p. 69 |
| Industrial Engineering | p. 71 |
| Safety and Environmental Control | p. 72 |
| Technological Functions and Their Organization | p. 74 |
| General | p. 74 |
| Documentation | p. 74 |
| Technical offices | p. 75 |
| Level of technological organization | p. 75 |
| Product Design and Product Changes | p. 76 |
| Source | p. 76 |
| Product changes | p. 76 |
| New product introduction | p. 77 |
| Technical Changes in the Production Process | p. 77 |
| Research and Development | p. 78 |
| Use of Support Services | p. 79 |
| Desirable support services | p. 80 |
| Training | p. 84 |
| Workers | p. 84 |
| Professional and technical personnel | p. 85 |
| Technical Change, Skills, and Firm Performance | |
| Planned Technical Change | p. 89 |
| Existence of Investment Plans | p. 89 |
| The Nature and Expected Impact of Technical Changes Planned | p. 90 |
| The Costs of Planned Investments | p. 91 |
| Skills and Technological Capability | p. 94 |
| High-Level Technical Skills | p. 94 |
| Sector and country data | p. 94 |
| Firm data | p. 97 |
| Technological Competence and Firm Economic Performance | p. 97 |
| Survey data | p. 98 |
| Panel data | p. 98 |
| Conclusions and Policy Interventions | |
| Conclusions | p. 107 |
| Country Background | p. 107 |
| Manufacturing Industry | p. 108 |
| Education, Science and Technology | p. 108 |
| Acquisition of Technology | p. 109 |
| Technical Operating Capabilities | p. 109 |
| Technological Functions and their Organization | p. 110 |
| Planned Technical Change | p. 110 |
| Skills and Technological Capability | p. 110 |
| Policy Interventions | p. 111 |
| Industrial Policy | p. 112 |
| Support services | p. 112 |
| Entrepreneurship and investment behaviour | p. 113 |
| Infrastructure | p. 115 |
| Human Resources Policy | p. 116 |
| High-level technical skills | p. 116 |
| Lower-level technical skills | p. 118 |
| Trade Policy | p. 118 |
| Liberalization | p. 118 |
| Manufacturing exports | p. 119 |
| Administration | p. 119 |
| Technological Policy | p. 120 |
| Technology transfer | p. 120 |
| Technical operating capabilities | p. 120 |
| Industrial research and experimental development | p. 121 |
| Questionnaire | p. 125 |
| Food and Beverages | p. 155 |
| Textiles and Clothing | p. 193 |
| Wood and Furniture | p. 219 |
| Metalworking | p. 243 |
| Notes and References | p. 265 |
| Bibliography | p. 269 |
| Index | p. 273 |
| Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |
