Studies in Productivity Analysis

1 Introduction.- 1 Introduction.- 1.1 Overview.- 1.2 The Issues under Analysis.- References.- I Methodological Approaches.- 2 Methodological Issues in Aggregate Productivity Analysis.- 2.1 The Concept of Total Factor Productivity.- 2.2 The Separability Assumption.- 2.3 Productivity and Technical Change.- 2.4 Total Factor Productivity Indexes.- 2.5 Unbiased and Unique Discrete Approximations to TFP Indexes.- 2.6 Aggregation Biases.- 2.7 Value Added versus Gross Output.- 2.8 The Concept and Measurement of Capital.- 2.9 Productivity Indexes and Production Functions.- 2.10 Production Functions, Cost Functions, and Productivity Change.- 2.11 TFP Analysis on an Aggregate Level: Some Applications.- 2.12 Concluding Remarks.- References.- 3 Technological Change and Productivity in Input-Output Analysis and the Potential of Sectoral Optimization Models.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Leontief Input-Output Models.- 3.3 Technological Change, Productivity Adjustment, and Structural Change in an Input-Output System.- 3.4 Optimization of Input-Output Systems.- 3.5 Representation of Technology in Input-Output Systems.- 3.6 Sectoral Optimization and Structural Change of an Input-Output System.- 3.7 Concluding Remarks.- Notes.- References.- II Labor Productivity Patterns Through Time.- 4 On the Interpretation of Industry Productivity Indexes.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 The Productivity Index and Production Functions.- 4.3 The Production Function as Model.- 4.4 The Observable Patterns.- 4.5 The Patterns and Productivity.- 4.6 Discussion.- 4.7 Conclusion.- References.- 5 The Asymmetric Behavior of Labor Productivity during the Business Cycle.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 The Background.- 5.3 The Data.- 5.4 Behavior of the Autoregressive Representation.- 5.5 Predictions for 1975-1978.- 5.6 Conclusions.- Notes.- References.- III Measurement Issues and Productivity Relationships.- 6 Technical Change, Capital Investment, and Productivity in U.S. Metalworking Industries.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Characteristics of the Metalworking Industry.- 6.3 Capital Investment and Productivity Advance in Metalworking.- 6.4 Post-World War II Developments in Machine Tool Design.- 6.5 The Economics of Investment in Machine Tools.- 6.6 The Current Period.- 6.7 Summary.- Appendix: Sources and Methods of Table 6.12.- Note.- Reference.- 7 The Role of Capital Formation in the Recent Slowdown in Productivity Growth.- 7.1 Overview.- 7.2 Capital Formation in the Nonfarm Business Sector.- 7.3 Measurement of Capital Input.- 7.4 Aggregation of the Elements of the Capital Stock.- 7.5 Growth of the Capital/Labor Ratio.- 7.6 The Link between Capital Formation and Labor Productivity.- 7.7 Capital Productivity Movements.- 7.8 Conclusions.- Appendix A: Separability Tests with the Translog Production Function.- Appendix B: The Effect of Pollution Control Investment on the Growth of Capital Stock.- Notes.- References.- 8 Imported Intermediate Input: Its Impact on Sectoral Productivity in U.S. Manufacturing.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Sectoral Production and Technical Change.- 8.3 Factor Augmentation.- 8.4 Estimating Model.- 8.5 Data Base.- 8.6 Findings.- 8.7 Conclusion.- Notes.- References.- Name Index.