| About the Editors and Authors | p. ix |
| Acknowledgments | p. xi |
| Abbreviations | p. xiii |
| SEA and Policy Formulation | p. 1 |
| Evolution of SEA | p. 2 |
| Impact-Based SEA | p. 3 |
| Applying SEA to Policies | p. 5 |
| Toward an "Institution-Centered" SEA Approach | p. 6 |
| Notes | p. 8 |
| References | p. 9 |
| Policy-Level Strategic Environmental Assessments: Process Integration and Incentives of Policy Proponents | p. 11 |
| Case Studies | p. 12 |
| Analysis of Case Studies | p. 21 |
| Assessments of SEA Requirements for Policy Proposals in Canada and the Netherlands | p. 25 |
| Conclusions | p. 30 |
| Notes | p. 32 |
| References | p. 34 |
| The Continuous Process of Policy Formation | p. 37 |
| Policy Formation as Decision Making | p. 38 |
| Policy Formation as a Continuous Process | p. 47 |
| Conclusion | p. 55 |
| Note | p. 56 |
| References | p. 56 |
| Toward Environmental Priority Setting in Development | p. 61 |
| Background | p. 62 |
| Comparative Risk Analysis | p. 65 |
| Economic Damage Assessment | p. 78 |
| Conclusions | p. 86 |
| Notes | p. 88 |
| References | p. 89 |
| Bibliography | p. 91 |
| Giving the Most Vulnerable a Voice | p. 95 |
| Why the Vulnerable Should Be Involved in Policy Formulation | p. 97 |
| Definition of the Vulnerable and How They Are Affected | p. 98 |
| Creation of an Enabling Environment in Which the Vulnerable Can Be Heard | p. 103 |
| Entry Points for Giving Vulnerable Groups Voice | p. 104 |
| Levels of Participation in Policy Processes | p. 106 |
| Tools for Giving the Vulnerable Voice | p. 107 |
| Case Studies | p. 114 |
| Conclusions | p. 121 |
| Notes | p. 122 |
| References | p. 122 |
| Building and Reinforcing Social Accountability for Improved Environmental Governance | p. 127 |
| Definitions and Causal Linkages | p. 128 |
| Causal Linkages | p. 131 |
| Case Studies | p. 135 |
| Patterns and Themes | p. 146 |
| Conclusion | p. 151 |
| Notes | p. 152 |
| References | p. 155 |
| Learning in Environmental Policy Making and Implementation | p. 159 |
| What Is Organizational Learning? | p. 160 |
| Framing Policy Learning | p. 163 |
| Cases of Policy Learning | p. 164 |
| Conclusions | p. 172 |
| Notes | p. 175 |
| References | p. 177 |
| Using Strategic Environmental Assessments to Design and Implement Public Policy | p. 181 |
| SEA for Policies | p. 184 |
| Policy Formation and Challenges for Applying SEA | p. 185 |
| Proposed Policy SEA Approach | p. 187 |
| Lessons from Good Practice | p. 194 |
| Conclusions and Future Directions | p. 198 |
| Notes | p. 200 |
| References | p. 202 |
| Index | p. 207 |
| Box | |
| Impact-Based SEA Procedures | p. 4 |
| Figures | |
| Spectrum of Decision-Making Models | p. 39 |
| Continuous Policy Process | p. 51 |
| Continuous Policy Process: Green Forest | p. 54 |
| Benefits of Participation and Consultation in Policy Formulation | p. 97 |
| Flowchart of Participatory Policy Processes | p. 106 |
| How Tools Fit into the Participatory Policy Cycle | p. 112 |
| Policy Making as a Linear Process | p. 132 |
| The Policy-Making Process as It Actually Works | p. 132 |
| PROPER II Annual Cycle | p. 141 |
| Environmental Policy-Making Process for Air Pollution Abatement in Delhi | p. 148 |
| Environmental Policy-Making Process Under Indonesia's PROPER II Program | p. 149 |
| Policy Learning as a Technical, Conceptual, and Social Process | p. 165 |
| The Three Pillars of Institution-Centered SEA | p. 183 |
| Tables | |
| Examples of SEAs for Policies | p. 5 |
| Integration of SEA into Policy Making | p. 22 |
| Level of Integration of SEAs in Case Studies | p. 22 |
| Similarities between Rational Decision-Making Model and Strategic Evaluation Assessment | p. 40 |
| Comparison of International Comparative Risk Analyses | p. 69 |
| Health Risk Rankings in Selected Comparative Risk Analyses | p. 72 |
| Measured Costs of Environmental Degradation in Selected Countries | p. 82 |
| Damage from Indoor and Outdoor Pollution in Selected Countries | p. 84 |
| Tools for Participation in Policy Processes | p. 108 |
| Accountability, Transparency, and Long-Term Constituencies in Two Case Studies | p. 146 |
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