Steppingstones Toward an Ethics for Fellow Existers

1. My Major Concern.- 2. Why I Waited So Long.- 3. New Challenges from Today's Human Situation.- 4. New Dimensions of Human Existence.- 5. First Responses to the New Challenges.- 6. Minimum and Optimum Meanings for Human Existence.- 7 The Steppingstones: A Preview.- I New Ontic Dimensions of the Self.- 1. On the I-Am-Me Experience in Childhood and Adolescence.- 1.1 Purpose of the Study.- 1.2 Autobiographical Material.- 1.3 The 'I-am-me' Experience and the Discovery of the Ego and the Self.- 1.4 A Questionnaire Study Based on a Literary Stimulus.- Table I.- Table II.- 1.5 A Second Questionnaire Study Based on Authentic Case Materials.- 1.6 Possible Developments of the Questionnaire Study.- 1.7 Wider Perspectives.- 2. A Phenomenological Approach to the Ego.- 2.1 Introductory Remarks.- 2.2 Phenomenology and Language.- 2.3 The Choice of the Topic.- 2.4 Plan of Approach.- 2.5 Findings.- 2.6 Conclusion.- 3. On the Motility of the Ego.- 3.1 Erwin Straus on the Dancing Ego.- 3.2 Concerning the Localization of the Ego in the Body.- 3.3 An Outline of the Structure of the Ego.- 3.4 On Ego-Identification.- 3.5 Identification with the Body.- 3.6 The Ego in Music.- 3.7 Coda.- 3.8 Postscript 1978.- 4. Initiating: A Phenomenological Analysis.- 4.1 The Theme.- 4.2 On the Language of Initiating.- 4.3 The Novelty of the Phenomenon.- 4.4 The Place of Initiating in Everyday Living.- 4.5 The Essential Structure of Initiating.- 4.6 Ways in Which Initiating Appears.- 4.7 The Role of the Initiator.- 4.8 The Validity of the Evidence for Initiating.- 4.9 The Significance of Initiating for Self-Existence.- 5. Putting Ourselves into the Place of Others: Toward a Phenomenology of Imaginary Self-Transposal.- II New Ethical Dimensions.- 6. 'Accident of Birth': A Non-Utilitarian Motif in Mill's Philosophy.- 6.1 Introductory.- 6.2 The Textual Evidence.- 6.3 Antecedents of Mill's 'Accident of Birth'.- 6.4 What Mill meant by the 'Accident of Birth'.- 6.5 The Accident of Birth and Utilitarianism.- 7. A Defense of Human Equality.- 7.1 The Challenge.- 7.2 Unravelling the Problem.- 7.3 Human Inequalities and Human Equalities.- 7.4 The Basis for the Postulate of Human Equality.- 7.5 Related Arguments.- 7.6 Conclusion.- 8. Equality in Existentialism.- 8.1 Existentialism: Core and Fringe.- 8.2 An Existentialist Outsider: Vladimir Jankelevitch On Equality.- 8.3 Equality in the Thought of Jean-Paul Sartre.- 8.4 Equality of the Sexes in the Thought of Simone de Beauvoir.- 8.5 Human 'Universality' in the Thought of Merleau-Ponty.- 8.6 Some Critical Queries.- 8.7 On Chances for Strengthening the Existentialist Case for Equality.- 8.8 Equality in the Accident of Birth and Circumstance.- 8.9 Supplement 1982.- 9. Human Dignity: A Challenge to Contemporary Philosophy.- 9.1 The Present Role of the Idea of Human Dignity.- 9.2 The Newness of the Idea.- 9.3 Inconsistencies and Vaguenesses in our Ideas about Human Dignity.- 9.4 Denials of Human Dignity.- 9.5 The Philosophers' Case for Human Dignity.- 9.6 Some Basic Distinctions.- 9.7 The Phenomenon of Human Dignity in Itself.- 9.8 Grounds of Human Dignity.- 10. Ethics for Fellows in the Fate of Existence.- 10.1 Basic Concerns.- 10.2 Types of Fellowship.- 10.3 Fellowships in Parallel Fate.- 10.4 Accidents of Birth as Parallel Fates.- 10.5 Some Premises for the Ethical Implications of the Fellowship in the Fate of Existence.- 10.6 Ethical Implications of the Fellowship in the Fate of Existence.- 10.7 Final Pleas.- 11. Good Fortune Obligates: Albert Schweitzer's Second Ethical Principle.- 11.1 Textual Evidence.- 11.2 The Novelty of the 'Other Thought'.- 11.3 Clarifying the Meaning of the New Thought.- 11.4 The Evidence for the New Principle.- 11.5 The Foundation of the Second Principle: Justice Reinterpreted.- 11.6 Conclusion.- 12. Why Compensate the Naturally Handicapped?.- 12.1 Natural Inequalities and the Human Rights of the Naturally Handicapped.- 12.2 The State of the Question About Natural Inequalities.- 12.3 The Problems of Compensation for the Naturally Handicapped.- 12.4 Grounds for the Compensation of Natural Handicaps.- 12.5 The Dilemmas of Compensatory Justice for the Handicapped.- 12.6 Toward an Alternative: The Co-existential Fellowship of the Handicapped with the Nonhandicapped.- III Applications Problems of the Nuclear Age.- 13. Is there a Human Right to One's Native Soil?.- I. Epilogue 1982.- 14. Toward Global Solidarity.- 15. The Nuclear Powers are Forfeiting their Claim to Civil Obedience.- IV Phenomenological Foundations.- 16. Unfairness and Fairness: A Phenomenological Analysis.- 16.1 Introduction.- A. Aims.- B. Previous Discussions of Fairness.- C. A Start from Ordinary Language: 'Linguistic Phenomenology'.- D. The Phenomenological Approach.- 16.2 An Analysis of Unfairness and Fairness (Phenomenological Ontology).- A. Where Unfairness and Fairness Appear: Their Locus.- B. What Can Be Unfair and Fair: Their Carriers.- C. Unfairness and Fairness Themselves.- D. Is the Relation Between Unfairness and Fairness Disjunctive?.- 16.3 How Unfairness and Fairness Appear (Phenomenology Proper).- 16.4 How Certain is our Knowledge of Unfairness and Fairness? (Epistemology).- 16.5 Grounds for Unfairness and Fairness.- 16.6 Implications of the Phenomenology of Unfairness and Fairness.- A. Implications for the Theory of Justice: Rawls' 'Veil of Ignorance'.- B. Implications for Normative Ethics.- C. Implications for Metaphysics and Philosophical Anthropology.- D. Implications for the 'Steppingstones Toward an Ethics for Fellow-Existers'.- 16.7 Summary and Conclusions: The Meaning of Phenomenological Analysis.- Index of Names.- Index of Subjects.