Sprayed Concrete Lined Tunnels

Applied Geotechnics

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By: Alun Thomas

Hardcover

Published: 8th October 2008

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Description
Industry Reviews
Table of Contents
Product Details

Practising engineers on site, in the design office or in client organizations will find this book an excellent introduction to the design and construction of sprayed concrete lined (SCL) tunnels. The complex behaviour of the early age behaviour of the sprayed concrete requires careful management. This book covers all aspects of SCL tunnelling a " from the constituents of sprayed concrete to detailed design and management during construction. Although there is a close interdependence between all the facets of sprayed concrete, few engineers have the right breadth of experience and expertise, and this urgently needs to be transferred to the wider engineering community.

Disseminating essential information for tunnelling engineers, Sprayed Concrete Lined Tunnels is key reading for all involved in or studying the process.

'This book by Alun Thomas fills a niche previously unfilled. It is not a `how to' guide for sprayed concrete lined (SCL) tunnel design, or as the author puts it `is not a cook-book', but it is filled with information and expertise that will be essential to an SCL designer.... It does what it says on the cover.'

- 'Barry New in Tunnelling Journal

List of illustrations	p. xi
Preface	p. xvii
Acknowledgements	p. xviii
List of abbreviations and symbols	p. xx
What is a SCL tunnel?	p. 1
Sprayed concrete - the early days	p. 3
Why use sprayed concrete linings?	p. 4
Development of SCL tunnelling	p. 5
Sprayed concrete	p. 9
Constituents and mix design	p. 9
Cement	p. 11
Water	p. 12
Sand and aggregate	p. 12
Accelerators	p. 12
Admixtures	p. 13
Microsilica	p. 14
Mix design	p. 14
Material properties and behaviour	p. 14
Strength in compression	p. 15
Strength in tension	p. 22
Strength in other modes of loading	p. 26
Stress-strain relationship in compression	p. 28
Stress-strain relationship in tension	p. 35
Shrinkage and temperature effects	p. 37
Creep	p. 44
Variation in properties with environmental conditions	p. 47
Durability and construction defects	p. 49
Construction methods	p. 53
Soft ground	p. 54
Method of excavation	p. 54
Support and excavation sequences	p. 55
Special cases	p. 58
Blocky rock	p. 59
Method of excavation	p. 60
Support and excavation sequences	p. 60
Special cases	p. 61
Hard rock	p. 63
Method of excavation	p. 63
Support and excavation sequences	p. 64
Special cases	p. 66
Modern sprayed concrete	p. 67
Dry mix sprayed concrete	p. 67
Wet mix sprayed concrete	p. 69
Pumping	p. 72
Spraying	p. 73
Design approaches	p. 79
Observation vs prediction	p. 79
Risk-based designs	p. 81
General loading	p. 81
Basic Principles	p. 82
Ground loads	p. 84
Excavation and support sequence	p. 86
Water	p. 87
Primary plus secondary lining - two pass lining	p. 94
Single shell lining - one pass lining	p. 97
Design Tools	p. 101
Empirical tools	p. 101
Analytical tools	p. 102
Numerical modelling	p. 102
Physical tools	p. 104
Code compliance	p. 105
Continuity between design and construction	p. 108
Modelling sprayed concrete	p. 109
Linear elastic models	p. 110
Hypothetical Modulus of Elasticity (HME)	p. 113
Nonlinear stress-strain behaviour	p. 115
Nonlinear elastic models	p. 115
Plastic models	p. 119
Tensile strength	p. 123
Unreinforced sprayed concrete	p. 124
Reinforced sprayed concrete	p. 125
Shrinkage	p. 125
Creep models	p. 126
Rheological models	p. 127
Generalised Kelvin model	p. 128
Burgers model	p. 136
Viscoplastic model	p. 137
Rate of flow model	p. 138
Other creep models	p. 139
Ageing	p. 142
Thermo-chemo-mechanically coupled model	p. 143
Construction sequence	p. 146
Construction defects	p. 151
Summary	p. 153
Detailed design	p. 157
Design for tunnels in soft ground	p. 157
Key behaviour of sprayed concrete	p. 158
Determining the loading on the sprayed concrete	p. 158
Lining design	p. 158
Design for tunnels in blocky rock	p. 160
Key behaviour of sprayed concrete	p. 160
Determining the loading on the sprayed concrete	p. 162
Lining design	p. 162
Design for tunnels in hard rock	p. 163
Lining design	p. 164
Shafts	p. 165
Junctions	p. 166
Key behaviour of sprayed concrete	p. 166
Determining the loading on the sprayed concrete	p. 167
General arrangement and construction sequence	p. 167
Lining design	p. 169
Tunnels in close proximity	p. 170
Portals	p. 171
Special cases	p. 172
Seismic design	p. 172
Squeezing ground	p. 174
Swelling ground	p. 174
Creeping ground	p. 175
Rockburst	p. 176
Compressed air tunnelling	p. 176
Frozen ground and cold weather	p. 177
Hot ground and hot weather	p. 178
Fire resistance	p. 178
Specifications	p. 179
Detailing	p. 181
Steel reinforcement	p. 181
Structural continuity at joints	p. 182
Waterproofing at joints	p. 183
Construction management	p. 184
Quality control	p. 184
Pre-construction testing	p. 184
Testing during construction	p. 185
Instrumentation and monitoring	p. 189
Instrumentation	p. 189
Trigger values	p. 194
Designer's Representative on site	p. 196
Daily Review Meetings (DRM)	p. 197
Appendices	p. 201
Bibliography	p. 223
Index	p. 237
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

ISBN: 9780415368643
ISBN-10: 0415368642
Series: Applied Geotechnics
Audience: Tertiary; University or College
Format: Hardcover
Language: English
Number Of Pages: 264
Published: 8th October 2008
Publisher: CRC PR INC
Country of Publication: GB
Dimensions (cm): 23.37 x 15.49 x 2.03
Weight (kg): 0.52
Edition Number: 1