


Hardcover
Published: 1st August 2008
ISBN: 9780415368643
Number Of Pages: 264
Practising engineers on site, in the design office or in client organizations will find this book an excellent introduction to the design and construction of sprayed concrete lined (SCL) tunnels. The complex behaviour of the early age behaviour of the sprayed concrete requires careful management. This book covers all aspects of SCL tunnelling a " from the constituents of sprayed concrete to detailed design and management during construction. Although there is a close interdependence between all the facets of sprayed concrete, few engineers have the right breadth of experience and expertise, and this urgently needs to be transferred to the wider engineering community.
Disseminating essential information for tunnelling engineers, Sprayed Concrete Lined Tunnels is key reading for all involved in or studying the process.
'This book by Alun Thomas fills a niche previously unfilled. It is not a `how to' guide for sprayed concrete lined (SCL) tunnel design, or as the author puts it `is not a cook-book', but it is filled with information and expertise that will be essential to an SCL designer.... It does what it says on the cover.'
- 'Barry New in Tunnelling Journal
List of illustrations | p. xi |
Preface | p. xvii |
Acknowledgements | p. xviii |
List of abbreviations and symbols | p. xx |
What is a SCL tunnel? | p. 1 |
Sprayed concrete - the early days | p. 3 |
Why use sprayed concrete linings? | p. 4 |
Development of SCL tunnelling | p. 5 |
Sprayed concrete | p. 9 |
Constituents and mix design | p. 9 |
Cement | p. 11 |
Water | p. 12 |
Sand and aggregate | p. 12 |
Accelerators | p. 12 |
Admixtures | p. 13 |
Microsilica | p. 14 |
Mix design | p. 14 |
Material properties and behaviour | p. 14 |
Strength in compression | p. 15 |
Strength in tension | p. 22 |
Strength in other modes of loading | p. 26 |
Stress-strain relationship in compression | p. 28 |
Stress-strain relationship in tension | p. 35 |
Shrinkage and temperature effects | p. 37 |
Creep | p. 44 |
Variation in properties with environmental conditions | p. 47 |
Durability and construction defects | p. 49 |
Construction methods | p. 53 |
Soft ground | p. 54 |
Method of excavation | p. 54 |
Support and excavation sequences | p. 55 |
Special cases | p. 58 |
Blocky rock | p. 59 |
Method of excavation | p. 60 |
Support and excavation sequences | p. 60 |
Special cases | p. 61 |
Hard rock | p. 63 |
Method of excavation | p. 63 |
Support and excavation sequences | p. 64 |
Special cases | p. 66 |
Modern sprayed concrete | p. 67 |
Dry mix sprayed concrete | p. 67 |
Wet mix sprayed concrete | p. 69 |
Pumping | p. 72 |
Spraying | p. 73 |
Design approaches | p. 79 |
Observation vs prediction | p. 79 |
Risk-based designs | p. 81 |
General loading | p. 81 |
Basic Principles | p. 82 |
Ground loads | p. 84 |
Excavation and support sequence | p. 86 |
Water | p. 87 |
Primary plus secondary lining - two pass lining | p. 94 |
Single shell lining - one pass lining | p. 97 |
Design Tools | p. 101 |
Empirical tools | p. 101 |
Analytical tools | p. 102 |
Numerical modelling | p. 102 |
Physical tools | p. 104 |
Code compliance | p. 105 |
Continuity between design and construction | p. 108 |
Modelling sprayed concrete | p. 109 |
Linear elastic models | p. 110 |
Hypothetical Modulus of Elasticity (HME) | p. 113 |
Nonlinear stress-strain behaviour | p. 115 |
Nonlinear elastic models | p. 115 |
Plastic models | p. 119 |
Tensile strength | p. 123 |
Unreinforced sprayed concrete | p. 124 |
Reinforced sprayed concrete | p. 125 |
Shrinkage | p. 125 |
Creep models | p. 126 |
Rheological models | p. 127 |
Generalised Kelvin model | p. 128 |
Burgers model | p. 136 |
Viscoplastic model | p. 137 |
Rate of flow model | p. 138 |
Other creep models | p. 139 |
Ageing | p. 142 |
Thermo-chemo-mechanically coupled model | p. 143 |
Construction sequence | p. 146 |
Construction defects | p. 151 |
Summary | p. 153 |
Detailed design | p. 157 |
Design for tunnels in soft ground | p. 157 |
Key behaviour of sprayed concrete | p. 158 |
Determining the loading on the sprayed concrete | p. 158 |
Lining design | p. 158 |
Design for tunnels in blocky rock | p. 160 |
Key behaviour of sprayed concrete | p. 160 |
Determining the loading on the sprayed concrete | p. 162 |
Lining design | p. 162 |
Design for tunnels in hard rock | p. 163 |
Lining design | p. 164 |
Shafts | p. 165 |
Junctions | p. 166 |
Key behaviour of sprayed concrete | p. 166 |
Determining the loading on the sprayed concrete | p. 167 |
General arrangement and construction sequence | p. 167 |
Lining design | p. 169 |
Tunnels in close proximity | p. 170 |
Portals | p. 171 |
Special cases | p. 172 |
Seismic design | p. 172 |
Squeezing ground | p. 174 |
Swelling ground | p. 174 |
Creeping ground | p. 175 |
Rockburst | p. 176 |
Compressed air tunnelling | p. 176 |
Frozen ground and cold weather | p. 177 |
Hot ground and hot weather | p. 178 |
Fire resistance | p. 178 |
Specifications | p. 179 |
Detailing | p. 181 |
Steel reinforcement | p. 181 |
Structural continuity at joints | p. 182 |
Waterproofing at joints | p. 183 |
Construction management | p. 184 |
Quality control | p. 184 |
Pre-construction testing | p. 184 |
Testing during construction | p. 185 |
Instrumentation and monitoring | p. 189 |
Instrumentation | p. 189 |
Trigger values | p. 194 |
Designer's Representative on site | p. 196 |
Daily Review Meetings (DRM) | p. 197 |
Appendices | p. 201 |
Bibliography | p. 223 |
Index | p. 237 |
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9780415368643
ISBN-10: 0415368642
Series: Applied Geotechnics
Audience:
Tertiary; University or College
Format:
Hardcover
Language:
English
Number Of Pages: 264
Published: 1st August 2008
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd
Country of Publication: GB
Dimensions (cm): 23.5 x 15.88
x 1.91
Weight (kg): 0.52
Edition Number: 1