Soils and Groundwater Pollution and Remediation

Asia, Africa, and Oceania

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By: P. M. Huang, I. K. Iskandar

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Published: 29th July 1999

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The increasing population densities of Asia, Africa and Oceania are in conflict with the ecosystem. A growing demand for food and fiber causes agriculture to rely heavily upon chemical fertilization, herbicides and pesticides. Rising industrial output creates higher contamination from cadmium, lead, selenium, and other metals.
Soils and Groundwater Remediation explores the toxic levels of metals, radionuclides, inorganics, and anthropogenic organic compounds found in the soils and groundwater of Asia, Africa and Oceania. This 14 chapter book reviews the distribution, transformation, and dynamics of the pollutants. The authors also reflect on the impact of Acid-rain.
The contributors to this book are well-known scientists from Japan, China, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Australia, and Kenya. The authors address their findings to researchers, educators, government regulators, and students.
As the title suggests, the book is ultimately concerned with remediation. Huang and Iskandar feel "the potential for restoring ecosystem health ... in these areas is enormous." The contributions of Soils and Groundwater Remediation will bring science closer to achieving that possibility.

Preface	p. vii
About the Editors	p. ix
Affiliation of Editors, Coeditors, and Contributors	p. xi
Environmental Impacts of Heavy Metals in Agroecosystems and Amelioration Strategies in Oceania	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Background Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Australian and New Zealand Soils	p. 1
Sources of Metals in Agroecosystems	p. 3
Environmental Impact	p. 10
Amelioration Strategies	p. 17
Regulatory Control	p. 28
Summary and Conclusions	p. 35
References	p. 35
Environmental Concerns of Pesticides in Soil and Groundwater and Management Strategies in Oceania	p. 42
Introduction	p. 42
Usage	p. 43
Behavior and Fate in Soil	p. 50
Pesticide Residues in the Environment	p. 59
Management and Remediation Options	p. 68
Summary and Conclusions	p. 70
Acknowledgments	p. 70
References	p. 71
Metal Pollution of Soil and Groundwater and Remediation Strategies in Japan	p. 80
Introduction	p. 80
Regulations and Control	p. 81
Metals in Soil, Groundwater, Fertilizers, and Sewage Sludges of Japan	p. 84
Remediation Strategies	p. 87
Daily Intake of Heavy Metals by Japanese	p. 90
Application of Sewage Sludge and Other Biosolids to Land and Heavy Metal Accumulation	p. 91
References	p. 95
Impact of Radionuclides on Soil, Groundwater, and Crops and Radionuclide Cleanup in Japan	p. 96
Introduction	p. 96
Meteorological Data in Japan	p. 97
Fallout Radionuclides ([superscript 137]Cs, [superscript 90]Sr, Pu, etc.) Deposited on Soil	p. 99
Migration of Radionuclides in Soil and Groundwater	p. 101
Transfer of Radionuclides to Crops	p. 108
Decontamination of Radionuclides	p. 118
Summary and Conclusions	p. 121
Acknowledgments	p. 122
References	p. 122
Effect of Anthropogenic Organic Compounds on the Quality of Soil and Groundwater and Remediation Strategies in Japan	p. 126
Introduction	p. 126
Nationwide Survey Results	p. 127
Site Investigation for Volatile Organochlorines	p. 132
Remediation Technologies for Subsurface Pollution	p. 141
Summary and Conclusions	p. 147
References	p. 148
Heavy Metal Pollution in Soils and Its Remedial Measures and Restoration in Mainland China	p. 150
Introduction	p. 150
Background Levels of Trace Elements in Soils of China	p. 151
Site Research of Soil Pollution in China	p. 151
Heavy Metal Pollutants and Their Influencing Factors	p. 154
Management Practices for the Mitigation of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soils of China	p. 156
Conclusions	p. 163
References	p. 163
Environmental Impacts of Metal and Other Inorganics on Soil and Groundwater in China	p. 167
Introduction	p. 167
Background Values of Elements in Soils of China	p. 168
Soil Loading Capacity for Heavy Metals	p. 171
Forms of Heavy Metals in Soils	p. 179
Heavy Metal Pollution of Soils in China	p. 186
Effect of the Amount of Dissolved Heavy Metals and Enrichment of Other Inorganics in Groundwater on Ecological Environment	p. 193
Summary and Conclusions	p. 196
References	p. 197
Environmental Problems in Soil and Groundwater Induced by Acid Rain and Management Strategies in China	p. 201
Introduction	p. 201
Acid Rain	p. 201
Acidity and Acidification of Soils	p. 205
Acidification of Groundwater	p. 219
Strategies for Controlling the Acidification of the Soil Environment	p. 221
Summary and Conclusions	p. 222
Acknowledgments	p. 222
References	p. 222
Dynamics, Fate, and Toxicity of Pesticides in Soil and Groundwater and Remediation Strategies in Mainland China	p. 225
Introduction	p. 225
History of Pesticide Production and Usage in China	p. 226
Dynamics, Fate, and Toxicity of Pesticides in Soil	p. 228
Groundwater Contamination by Pesticides in China	p. 244
Remediation Strategies for Soil and Groundwater Contamination by Pesticides in China	p. 246
Summary and Conclusions	p. 247
Acknowledgments	p. 248
References	p. 248
Chemical Names of Pesticides Mentioned in Chapter 9	p. 251
Perspectives of Environmental Pollution in Densely Populated Areas: The Case of Hong Kong	p. 254
Introduction	p. 254
Major Sources of Environmental Pollutants and Control Strategies	p. 256
Effects of Pollution on Groundwater	p. 263
Control and Remediation of Degraded Soil and Land	p. 265
Future Perspectives	p. 267
Summary and Conclusions	p. 268
Acknowledgments	p. 268
References	p. 268
Environmental Impacts and Management Strategies of Trace Metals in Soil and Groundwater in the Republic of Korea	p. 270
Introduction	p. 270
Present Status and Environmental Impacts of Trace Metals in Korean Soils	p. 271
Management Strategies for Trace Metals in Korean Soils	p. 281
Trace Metals in Groundwater	p. 284
Management Strategies of Trace Metals in Groundwater	p. 285
Summary and Conclusions	p. 286
References	p. 287
Transport, Residues, and Toxicological Problems of Agrochemicals in Agroecosystems and a Remediation Plan in the Republic of Korea	p. 290
Introduction	p. 290
Changes of the Patterns in Pesticide Use	p. 291
Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Environments	p. 294
Evaluation of the Effects of Pesticide Residues on Agricultural Environment	p. 300
Protection Strategies for Agricultural Ecosystems	p. 312
Summary and Conclusions	p. 322
Acknowledgments	p. 323
References	p. 323
List of Pesticides Mentioned in Chapter 12	p. 328
Toxic Metals and Agrochemicals in Soils in Malaysia: Current Problems and Mitigation Plans	p. 330
Introduction	p. 330
Fertilizer and Agrochemical Usage	p. 331
Ecological Problems of Toxic Metals and Agrochemicals	p. 335
Mitigation Plans	p. 342
Summary and Conclusions	p. 344
References	p. 344
Status of Cadmium, Lead, and Selenium in the Soils of Selected African Countries and Perspectives of Their Effects on Human and Environmental Health	p. 347
Introduction	p. 347
Soil Characteristics in Five Selected African Countries (Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Sierra Leone, and Tanzania)	p. 348
Status of Cadmium, Lead, and Selenium in the Soils of Selected African Countries	p. 349
Status of Cadmium	p. 351
Status of Lead	p. 354
Status of Selenium	p. 358
Sources, Forms, and Distribution of Cadmium and Human Exposure to It	p. 362
Environmental Aspects of Cadmium	p. 364
Sources, Forms, and Distribution of Lead and Human Exposure to It	p. 364
Environmental Aspects of Lead	p. 367
Sources, Forms, and Distribution of Selenium and Human Exposure to It	p. 367
Summary and Conclusions/Recommendations	p. 369
Acknowledgments	p. 372
References	p. 373
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ISBN: 9781566704526
ISBN-10: 1566704529
Audience: Professional
Format: Hardcover
Language: English
Number Of Pages: 400
Published: 29th July 1999
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Inc
Country of Publication: US
Dimensions (cm): 25.4 x 17.8 x 2.3
Weight (kg): 0.84
Edition Number: 1