Social Injustice and Public Health

Part I: Introduction

Chapter 1: The Nature of Social Injustice and Its Impact on Public Health Barry S. Levy Box 1-1: Definitions and Concepts of Social Justice

Part II: How Social Injustice Affects the Health of Specific Population Groups

Chapter 2: Socioeconomically Disadvantaged People Michael Marmot and Ruth Bell Box 2-1: Summary of Recommendations from the Marmot Review 10 Years On

Chapter 3: People of Color Carol Easley Allen and Cheryl Easley Box 3-1: Racial and Ethnic Definitions for the 2030 U.S. Census Box 3-2: American Shame: High Maternal Mortality Ratio in African-American Women Linda Villarosa Box 3-3: Types of Racism and Related Concepts

Chapter 4: Women Gina Maranto

Chapter 5: Children Luz Claudio and Juan Antonio Ortega-García Box 5-1: Childhood Lead Toxicity Howard Hu

Chapter 6: Older People Carroll Estes, Nicholas B. DiCarlo, Brittney L. Pond, and Jarmin C. Yeh

Chapter 7: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer/Questioning People Emilia Lombardi and Talia Mae Bettcher

Chapter 8: People with Disabilities Nora Groce Box 8-1: Terminology Box 8-2: Disability and Education Box 8-3: Similarities and Differences Among People with Disabilities

Chapter 9: Incarcerated People David H. Cloud Box 9-1: Political Prisoners William F. Schulz

Chapter 10: People Experiencing Homelessness Howard Padwa, Bikki Tran Smith, Roya Ijadi-Maghsoodi, Katherine Vickery, and Lillian Gelberg

Chapter 11: Forced Migrants: Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons Michael Toole Box 11-1: The Suffering of Displaced People: Three Vignettes Jennifer Leaning

Part III. How Social Injustice Affects Aspects of Public Health

Chapter 12: Medical Care Oliver Fein Box 12-1: What Is Single-Payer Healthcare? Steffie Woolhandler and David U. Himmelstein

Chapter 13: Communicable Diseases Joia S. Mukherjee Box 13-1: The AIDS Movement Box 13-2: Case Study of a Man with Tuberculosis Box 13-3: Inequities Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic Mary T. Bassett

Chapter 14: Nutrition J. Larry Brown Box 14-1: Definitions of Key Terms Box 14-2: Obesity

Chapter 15: Noncommunicable Diseases Mariachiara Di Cesare, Honor Bixby, Reza Majdzadeh, and J. Jaime Miranda Box 15-1: The Impact of Systemic and Structural Racism on Noncommunicable Diseases in the United States Barry S. Levy Box 15-2: Addressing Noncommunicable Diseases During Humanitarian Crises

Chapter 16: Violence Colleen Ray, Sara DeGue, and James A. Mercy Box 16-1: Firearm Violence in the United States David Hemenway Box 16-2: Cure Violence: The Epidemic Control Method for Reducing Violence Charles Ransford and Gary Slutkin

Chapter 17: War Barry S. Levy Box 17-1: Nuclear Weapons and Social Injustice Robert M. Gould and Patrice M. Sutton

Chapter 18: Mental Health Carles Muntaner, Pablo Galvez-Hernandez, Virginia Gunn, Edwin Ng, Haejoo Chung, Philipp Hessel, and William W. Eaton Box 18-1: The Opioid Epidemic Martha Waller and William Wieczorek

Chapter 19: Environmental Health Barry S. Levy Box 19-1: Impact of Natural Disasters on Social Justice Linda Young Landesman Box 19-2: Climate Justice Rohini J. Haar and Barry S. Levy Box 19-3: Planetary Health Samuel S. Myers and Jonathan A. Patz

Chapter 20: Occupational Health and Safety Linda Rae Murray

Chapter 21: Oral Health Myron Allukian, Jr., Alice M. Horowitz, and J. Brett Ryan Box 21-1: Oral Health Inequalities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Chapter 22: Global Health Barry S. Levy Box 22-1: Trafficking in Persons Box 22-2: Hunger and Malnutrition in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Box 22-3: Export of Hazardous Substances from High-Income Countries to Low- and Middle-Income Countries Part IV. An Agenda for Action

Chapter 23: Addressing Social Injustice in a Human Rights Context Sofia Gruskin and Paula Braveman

Chapter 24: Promoting Social Justice Through Public Health Policy Kathleen M. Rest, Jarasa Kanok, and Pallavi Phartiyal Box 24-1: State Government Intervention: Reforms in State Laws for a Minimum Wage and Workplace Protection for Farmworkers Box 24-2: A Local Government Initiative with Universal Basic Income Box 24-3: The Clean Power Prescription: Addressing the Physical, Economic, and Environmental Health of Patients

Chapter 25: Promoting Social Justice Through Public Health Practice Joshua Sharfstein, Michelle Spencer, and Keshia M. Pollack Porter

Chapter 26: Strengthening Communities and the Roles of Individuals in Building Community Life Robert E. Aronson, John W. Hatch, Tony L. Whitehead, and Samhar Almomani Box 26-1: Strengthening Communities in Low-Income Countries Gail Snetro and Angela M. Brasington Box 26-2: How a Community-Based Foundation Addresses Health Consequences of Social Injustice Martin D. Cohen

Chapter 27: Promoting Social Justice Through Education in Public Health Robert S. Lawrence Box 27-1: International Declaration of Health Rights Box 27-2: Developing a Community-Engaged Master of Public Health Program in Health Equity Shelley K. White

Chapter 28: A Critical Research Agenda for Social Justice and Public Health: An Ecosocial Proposal Nancy Krieger

Chapter 29: Protecting Human Rights Through International and National Law Henry A. Freedman and Martha F. Davis Box 29-1: Preventing Torture Leonard S. Rubenstein and Vincent Iacopino

Chapter 30: Learning from the Social Movements of the 1960s Oliver Fein and Charlotte Phillips

Chapter 31: Promoting Health with Equitable and Sustainable Human Development Richard Jolly and Updated by Mark Sidel Box 31-1: The Roles of International Nongovernmental Organizations in Promoting Equitable and Sustainable Human Development Raymond C. Offenheiser and Paul C. Perrin Box 31-2: The Roles of Private Philanthropy in Promoting Equitable and Sustainable Human Development Mark Sidel Index