| Figures, tables and boxes | p. x |
| Contributors | p. xii |
| Acknowledgments | p. xvii |
| Note on photographs | p. xviii |
| Introduction | p. xix |
| References | p. xxix |
| Defining what we mean | p. 1 |
| The biomedical model of health: Its successes and limits | p. 3 |
| The origins of contemporary social models of health | p. 3 |
| The role of the individual: Lifestyle and risk | p. 7 |
| Social determinants | p. 9 |
| Causality and the social gradient of health | p. 12 |
| Explanations for the social gradient in health | p. 13 |
| Social determinants and Indigenous health | p. 16 |
| Summary | p. 17 |
| Discussion questions | p. 17 |
| References | p. 18 |
| Understanding the processes | p. 21 |
| Theories of society, evidence and epidemiological models | p. 23 |
| Models, relationships and social epidemiology | p. 27 |
| Social epidemiology and biological models | p. 30 |
| Applying social health models to Indigenous health | p. 31 |
| Conclusion | p. 34 |
| Summary | p. 36 |
| Discussion questions | p. 36 |
| Acknowledgments | p. 37 |
| References | p. 37 |
| History | p. 41 |
| Illness and invasion, sin and sorcery: The first hundred years | p. 42 |
| Protection, exploitation and activism: Indigenous health in the interwar years | p. 49 |
| 'We demand that this genocide should cease': Health and human rights, 1950-70 | p. 55 |
| Conclusion | p. 61 |
| Summary | p. 61 |
| Discussion questions | p. 62 |
| References | p. 62 |
| Racism | p. 65 |
| Theoretical considerations | p. 67 |
| Empirical studies of self-reported racism and health | p. 70 |
| Anti-racism and Indigenous Australians | p. 75 |
| Summary | p. 79 |
| Discussion questions | p. 80 |
| Acknowledgments | p. 80 |
| References | p. 80 |
| Poverty and social class | p. 87 |
| Social class | p. 88 |
| Social class and health | p. 92 |
| Causal pathways | p. 94 |
| Indigenous poverty and health | p. 94 |
| Conclusion | p. 103 |
| Summary | p. 103 |
| Discussion questions | p. 104 |
| References | p. 104 |
| Social capital | p. 109 |
| Social capital: What is it? | p. 110 |
| Key social capital thinkers | p. 111 |
| Bonding, bridging and linking social capital | p. 113 |
| Outcomes of social capital | p. 114 |
| Anomie: The absence of social capital | p. 115 |
| Racism, economic inequity and its impact on social capital | p. 117 |
| Measuring social capital | p. 119 |
| Does social capital offer any directions for improving Indigenous health status? | p. 121 |
| Conclusion | p. 129 |
| Summary | p. 129 |
| Discussion questions | p. 130 |
| References | p. 130 |
| Education | p. 135 |
| The associations between educational attainment and Indigenous health outcomes in Australia: Background | p. 136 |
| Indigenous education and health outcomes in Australia: A statistical overview | p. 139 |
| Associations between educational attainment and Indigenous health outcomes: The Australian research | p. 141 |
| Conclusion | p. 146 |
| Summary | p. 148 |
| Discussion questions | p. 148 |
| References | p. 149 |
| Employment and welfare | p. 153 |
| Employment | p. 154 |
| Some neo-classical views of employment | p. 154 |
| Wider considerations | p. 155 |
| The CDEP | p. 157 |
| Understanding the Indigenous perspective on workfulness | p. 160 |
| Welfare | p. 161 |
| Indigenous people and the Australian welfare system | p. 162 |
| Indigenous direct welfare and health | p. 164 |
| The broader dimensions of Indigenous welfare | p. 165 |
| Racialised 'welfare' rhetoric and Indigenous health | p. 168 |
| Political dimensions: Indigenous welfare dependency | p. 169 |
| Critiquing the political dimension of Indigenous welfare from a health perspective | p. 170 |
| Conclusion | p. 171 |
| Summary | p. 172 |
| Discussion questions | p. 172 |
| Acknowledgment | p. 172 |
| References | p. 173 |
| Country | p. 177 |
| Indigenous definitions of place | p. 179 |
| Contemporary Indigenous places: An historical perspective | p. 182 |
| Country needs its people | p. 186 |
| Healthy country, healthy people | p. 188 |
| Place and health | p. 190 |
| Place and the social determinants of Indigenous health | p. 192 |
| Conclusion | p. 194 |
| Summary | p. 195 |
| Discussion questions | p. 196 |
| Authors' note | p. 196 |
| References | p. 196 |
| Housing | p. 203 |
| A brief historical perspective | p. 204 |
| Housing conditions and their contribution to the ill-health of Indigenous Australians | p. 207 |
| Governance and management of Indigenous housing programs | p. 215 |
| Initiatives to improve housing conditions in remote Indigenous communities | p. 217 |
| Housing and health research | p. 219 |
| A continuous quality improvement, ecological, evidence-based approach | p. 221 |
| Summary | p. 224 |
| Discussion questions | p. 225 |
| Acknowledgment | p. 225 |
| References | p. 226 |
| Policy processes | p. 231 |
| The social dynamics of Indigenous health policy | p. 232 |
| A federated health system | p. 236 |
| The constitutional context of Indigenous health policy | p. 238 |
| Early Commonwealth powers in health | p. 239 |
| The evolving role of the Commonwealth in health and Indigenous affairs | p. 240 |
| After the 1967 referendum | p. 241 |
| Developing a national Indigenous health program | p. 242 |
| Indigenous health Framework Agreements | p. 245 |
| National Strategic Framework for Indigenous health | p. 246 |
| Conclusion | p. 247 |
| Summary | p. 248 |
| Discussion questions | p. 249 |
| Acknowledgments | p. 249 |
| References | p. 249 |
| Human rights | p. 253 |
| The human right to health | p. 254 |
| Health and human rights | p. 261 |
| Conclusion | p. 264 |
| Summary | p. 265 |
| Discussion questions | p. 266 |
| Acknowledgment | p. 267 |
| References | p. 267 |
| Interventions and sustainable programs | p. 271 |
| The challenges of a community-based intervention: The Looma Healthy Lifestyle project | p. 274 |
| A national overview: Injury prevention and safety promotion | p. 279 |
| Measuring the impact of interventions: The Council for Aboriginal Alcohol Program Services | p. 283 |
| Conclusion | p. 289 |
| Summary | p. 290 |
| Discussion question | p. 291 |
| Acknowledgment | p. 291 |
| References | p. 292 |
| Index | p. 296 |
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