| Preface | p. ix |
| Introduction | p. xi |
| Dreaming and the brain: Toward a cognitive neuroscience of conscious states | p. 1 |
| Dreaming and REM sleep are controlled by different brain mechanisms | p. 51 |
| A review of mentation in REM and NREM sleep: "Covert" REM sleep as a possible reconciliation of two opposing models | p. 59 |
| The case against memory consolidation in REM sleep | p. 75 |
| The reinterpretation of dreams: An evolutionary hypothesis of the function of dreaming | p. 85 |
| Open Peer Commentary and Authors' Responses | |
| Table of Commentators | p. 112 |
| Open Peer Commentary | |
| How does the dreaming brain explain the dreaming mind? | p. 115 |
| Dreaming as an active construction of meaning | p. 118 |
| Internally-generated activity, non-episodic memory, and emotional salience in sleep | p. 119 |
| Dreams have meaning but no function | p. 121 |
| Sleep, not REM sleep, is the royal road to dreams | p. 122 |
| REM sleep deprivation: The wrong paradigm leading to wrong conclusions | p. 123 |
| REM and NREM mentation: Nielsen's model once again supports the supremacy of REM | p. 124 |
| How and why the brain makes dreams: A report card on current research on dreaming | p. 125 |
| REM sleep = dreaming: The never-ending story | p. 127 |
| Mental states during dreaming and daydreaming: Some methodological loopholes | p. 128 |
| Play, dreams, and simulation | p. 129 |
| Iterative processing of information during sleep may improve consolidation | p. 130 |
| Conceptual coordination bridges information processing and neurophysiology | p. 130 |
| The divorce of REM sleep and dreaming | p. 133 |
| Shedding old assumptions and consolidating what we know: Toward an attention-based model of dreaming | p. 135 |
| Needed: A new theory | p. 139 |
| Mesolimbic dopamine and the neuropsychology of dreaming: Some caution and reconsiderations | p. 141 |
| REM sleep: Desperately seeking isomorphism | p. 142 |
| The case against memory consolidation in REM sleep: Balderdash! | p. 145 |
| Dreaming is not an adaptation | p. 147 |
| Sleep, dreaming, and brain activation | p. 150 |
| The prevalence of typical dream themes challenges the specificity of the threat simulation theory | p. 151 |
| Each distinct type of mental state is supported by specific brain functions | p. 152 |
| Where is the forest? Where is the dream? | p. 154 |
| State-dependent modulation of cognitive function | p. 156 |
| The dramaturgy of dreams in Pleistocene minds and our own | p. 157 |
| The waking-to-dreaming continuum, and the effects of emotion | p. 158 |
| Reflexive and orienting properties of REM sleep dreaming and eye movements | p. 161 |
| The ghost of Sigmund Freud haunts Mark Solms's dream theory | p. 162 |
| Dreaming as play | p. 164 |
| New multiplicities of dreaming and REMing | p. 164 |
| The interpretation of physiology | p. 166 |
| The "problem" of dreaming in NREM sleep continues to challenge reductionist (two generator) models of dream generation | p. 167 |
| A new approach for explaining dreaming and REM sleep mechanisms | p. 169 |
| Dreaming has content and meaning not just form | p. 170 |
| Papez dreams: Mechanism and phenomenology of dreaming | p. 172 |
| Lucid dreaming: Evidence and methodology | p. 173 |
| All brain work - including recall - is state-dependent | p. 176 |
| Nightmares: Friend or foe? | p. 177 |
| Koch's postulates confirm cholinergic modulation of REM sleep | p. 178 |
| "Spandrels of the night?" | p. 178 |
| Dream production is not chaotic | p. 179 |
| Novel concepts of sleep-wakefullness and neuronal information coding | p. 180 |
| Sleep can be related to memory, even if REM sleep is not | p. 183 |
| The illusory function of dreams: Another example of cognitive bias | p. 183 |
| A more general evolutionary hypothesis about dream function | p. 184 |
| Sorting out additions to the understanding of cognition during sleep | p. 185 |
| Dreams and sleep: Are new schemas revealing? | p. 188 |
| Critical brain characteristics to consider in developing dream and memory theories | p. 189 |
| Post-traumatic nightmares as a dysfunctional state | p. 190 |
| Insights from functional neuroimaging studies of behavioral state regulation in healthy and depressed subjects | p. 191 |
| Toward a new neuropsychological isomorphism | p. 192 |
| Expanding Nielsen's covert REM model, questioning Solms's approach to dreaming and REM sleep, and re-interpreting the Vertes & Eastman view of REM sleep and memory | p. 193 |
| Nielsen's concept of covert REM sleep is a path toward a more realistic view of sleep psychophysiology | p. 195 |
| Dreaming is not a non-conscious electrophysiologic state | p. 196 |
| "The dream of reason creates monsters" ... especially when we neglect the role of emotions in REM-states | p. 200 |
| Neurotransmitter mechanisms of dreaming: Implication of modulatory systems based on dream intensity | p. 202 |
| Metaphoric threat is more real than real threat | p. 204 |
| One machinery, multiple cognitive states: The value of the AIM model | p. 205 |
| Neural constraints on cognition in sleep | p. 206 |
| The contents of consciousness during sleep: Some theoretical problems | p. 207 |
| Search activity: A key to resolving contradictions in sleep/dream investigation | p. 208 |
| Some myths are slow to die | p. 211 |
| Time course of dreaming and sleep organization | p. 212 |
| Dream research: Integration of physiological and psychological models | p. 213 |
| Threat simulation, dreams, and domain-specificity | p. 216 |
| Continued vitality of the Freudian theory of dreaming | p. 216 |
| Phylogenetic date bearing on the REM sleep learning connection | p. 219 |
| Evaluating the relationship between REM and memory consolidation: A need for scholarship and hypothesis testing | p. 219 |
| The mechanism of the REM state is more than a sum of its parts | p. 220 |
| Neuronal basis of dreaming and mentation during slow-wave (non-REM) sleep | p. 221 |
| Inclusive versus exclusive approaches to sleep and dream research | p. 223 |
| Evolutionary psychology can ill afford adaptionist and mentalist credulity | p. 225 |
| Critique of current dream theories | p. 226 |
| The pharmacologyof threatening dreams | p. 228 |
| Threat perceptions and avoidance in recurrent dreams | p. 229 |
| Authors' Responses | |
| Dream science 2000: A response to commentaries on Dreaming and the brain | p. 231 |
| Forebrain mechanisms of dreaming are activated from a variety of sources | p. 247 |
| Covert REM sleep effects on REM mentation: Further methodological considerations and supporting evidence | p. 252 |
| REM sleep is not committed to memory | p. 269 |
| Did ancestral humans dream for their lives? | p. 275 |
| References | p. 295 |
| Postscript: Recent findings on the neurobiology of sleep and dreaming | p. 335 |
| Index | p. 351 |
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