| List of Illustrations | p. xiii |
| List of Tables | p. xv |
| Preface | p. xvii |
| Note on Quotations and Translations | p. xix |
| Abbreviations | p. xxi |
| Teachers and Pupils | |
| The Organization of Schooling | p. 3 |
| The Medieval Background | p. 3 |
| The Decline of Church Schools | p. 6 |
| Schools in the Trecento | p. 11 |
| Communal Latin Schools | p. 13 |
| Communal Abbaco Schools | p. 22 |
| Elementary and Secondary Teachers on University Rolls | p. 23 |
| Independent Schools | p. 29 |
| Academic Calendar and Corporal Punishment | p. 34 |
| The Lives of Teachers | p. 36 |
| Venetian Schools in the High Renaissance | p. 42 |
| Schooling and Literacy in 1587 | p. 42 |
| Curricula | p. 47 |
| Teachers | p. 51 |
| Church Schools | p. 56 |
| Sestiere Schools | p. 61 |
| Florentine and Roman Schools in the High Renaissance | p. 71 |
| Villani's Statistics of 1338 | p. 71 |
| Florentine Schooling in 1480 | p. 74 |
| Roman Schools | p. 78 |
| Communal Supervision of Roman Schools | p. 83 |
| Girls and Working-Class Boys in School | p. 87 |
| What Should Girls Learn? | p. 87 |
| Female Teachers | p. 90 |
| Female Pupils | p. 93 |
| Working-Class Schoolboys | p. 102 |
| The Latin Curriculum | |
| The Coming of the Studia Humanitatis | p. 111 |
| The Late Medieval Latin Curriculum | p. 111 |
| The Humanistic Alternative | p. 117 |
| The Rediscovery of Cicero | p. 121 |
| Greek | p. 124 |
| Three Famous Teachers | p. 125 |
| The Establishment of the Studia Humanitatis | p. 133 |
| Learning the ABCs with Hornbook and Primer | p. 142 |
| Tavola and Salterio | p. 142 |
| Learning to Read | p. 156 |
| Grammar | p. 162 |
| The Medieval Grammatical Tradition | p. 163 |
| The Beginning of Renaissance Grammar | p. 166 |
| Grammar Manuals in the Classroom | p. 172 |
| Ianua | p. 174 |
| Donatus melior, Donato al senno, and Vernacular Latin Grammars | p. 182 |
| The Renaissance Grammatical Tradition | p. 188 |
| Grammatical Drill and Elementary Reading | p. 194 |
| Rhetoric | p. 203 |
| The Advanced Humanistic Curriculum | p. 203 |
| From Medieval to Renaissance Rhetoric | p. 205 |
| Cicero | p. 212 |
| The Epistulae ad familiares as Prose Model | p. 217 |
| Learning to Write like Cicero | p. 222 |
| Words and Things | p. 229 |
| Rhetoric and Life | p. 233 |
| The Rest of the Latin Curriculum | p. 235 |
| Poetry | p. 235 |
| Poetry in the Classroom | p. 240 |
| The Paraphrase-Commentary | p. 244 |
| Terence, Horace, and Ovid | p. 250 |
| History | p. 255 |
| Caesar, Sallust, and Valerius Maximus in the Classroom | p. 258 |
| Moral Philosophy | p. 263 |
| Greek and Logic | p. 265 |
| The Vernacular Curriculum | |
| Italian Literature | p. 275 |
| Religious Texts | p. 278 |
| Chivalric Romances | p. 289 |
| The Vita di Marco Aurelio of Guevara | p. 300 |
| Learning Merchant Skills | p. 306 |
| Abbaco | p. 306 |
| Abbaco Classroom Instruction | p. 311 |
| Double-Entry Bookkeeping | p. 319 |
| Writing | p. 323 |
| The Schools of the Catholic Reformation | |
| The Schools of Christian Doctrine | p. 333 |
| Reading and Writing | p. 338 |
| The Summario | p. 343 |
| The Interrogatorio | p. 345 |
| Other Texts | p. 353 |
| High and Low in the Catechism Schools | p. 356 |
| The Religious Knowledge of the Laity | p. 359 |
| The Schools of the Religious Orders | p. 363 |
| Jesuit Schools | p. 363 |
| Schoolmasters to the Elite | p. 372 |
| The Jesuit Curriculum | p. 377 |
| The Scuole Pie | p. 381 |
| The Schools of the Old Regime | p. 390 |
| The Role of the Church | p. 398 |
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