Safeguarding Satellite Communications

Foreword xiii
Preface xv
About the Authors xvii
Acknowledgments xix
Acronyms xxi
Introduction xxix

Part I Fundamentals 1

1 Introduction 3
1.1 A Brief History of Satellite Communications 4
1.2 Development of Satellite Communications 8
1.3 Applications of Satellite Communications 20
1.4 A Brief Description of Security Issues in Satellite Communications 22
1.5 Organization of This Book 26

2 System Architecture of Satellite Communications 31
2.1 Space Part for Satellite Communication System 32
2.2 Ground Segment for Satellite Communication Systems 40
2.3 User Segment for Satellite Communication Systems 43
2.4 Coverage Area 44

Part II Security Issues and Requirements 49

3 Satellite Security Issues 51
3.1 Introduction to Security Issues of Satellite Communications 51
3.2 Satellite Security Attacks 54
3.3 Security-related Reliability Problems 62

4 Security Requirements 69
4.1 Confidentiality Performance 69
4.2 Integrity Performance 72
4.3 Accountability Performance 75
4.4 Security-related Reliability Performance, Including Reliability, Latency, and Capacity/Throughput 78

Part III Security Enhancement Solutions 85

5 Active Security Enhancement Schemes 87
5.1 Quantum Communication 87
5.2 Blockchain 90
5.3 THz/Laser-based Spaceborne Communications 92
5.4 AI-based Solutions 96
5.5 Space Situational Awareness 100

6 Passive Security Enhancement Schemes 105
6.1 Advanced Security-oriented Antennas 105
6.2 Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface 113
6.3 Spread Spectrum Techniques 117
6.4 Non-SS Jamming Suppression Techniques 122
6.5 AI-based Solutions 128

7 Security-related Reliability Enhancement Solutions 137
7.1 Secrecy Capacity/Throughput 137
7.2 Outage/BER/Packet Error Rate (PER) 142
7.3 AI-based Solutions to Collisions and Debris 146
7.4 Forward Error Control 149
7.5 Interference Coordination 154

Part IV Design Criteria for Security SCSs 167

8 Parameter Selections 169
8.1 Orbits 169
8.2 Frequencies and Waves 175

9 Spaceborne Payload 185
9.1 On-board Processing 189
9.2 Transparent Forwarding 199

10 Joint Security and Reliability Design 211
10.1 Spaceborne Security 211
10.2 Spaceborne Reliability 220

Part V Future Directions 231

11 Secure Space Transmission Techniques 233
11.1 ISAC-aided Secure Space Communication Techniques 234
11.2 CV-aided Secure Space Communication Techniques 237
11.3 Multi-satellite Secure Transmission Techniques 242
11.4 Security-oriented RF Techniques 245

12 Secure-oriented Mega-constellation 249
12.1 Mega-constellation Design 249
12.2 Secure Cross-orbit Space Communication Methods 255

13 Physical Layer Security for Satellite Communications 263
13.1 Physical Layer Key Generation 264
13.2 Physical Layer Authentication 268
13.3 Physical Layer Encryption 272

References 275
Index 277