| Weights and Measures and Currency Equivalents | |
| Map of Indonesia | |
| Preface and Acknowledgements | |
| Glossary of Terms | |
| Abbreviations and Acronyms | |
| Foreword | |
| Editor's Note | |
| Overview | p. 1 |
| Rural Indonesia: Socio-economic Development in a Changing Environment | p. 1 |
| The Changing Macro-economic Setting | p. 5 |
| Aggregate Performance | p. 5 |
| External Trade and Balance of Payments | p. 6 |
| Recent Budgetary Changes | p. 6 |
| Agricultural Performance, Structure and Resource Base | p. 7 |
| Agricultural and Rural Performance | p. 7 |
| Resource Base, Operational Environment and Patterns of Resource Use | p. 9 |
| Livestock Husbandry, Fisheries and Forestry | p. 11 |
| Agricultural Research | p. 12 |
| Dimensions of Rural Poverty and Target Groups | p. 12 |
| Distribution of Income and Consumption by Socio-economic Groups | p. 13 |
| Socio-economic Dimensions of Nutritional Inequality | p. 13 |
| Regional Dimensions of Poverty | p. 14 |
| Women as a Target Group | p. 15 |
| Rural Poverty, Land Distribution and Productivity, and Employment | p. 16 |
| Pattern of Food Consumption, Nutrition and Health | p. 18 |
| Food Consumption and Food Policy Issues | p. 18 |
| Nutritional Problems and Programmes | p. 19 |
| Rural Water Supply, Sanitation and Health Facilities | p. 20 |
| Pattern of Past and Present Policies and Programmes in Agriculture and Rural Institutions | p. 21 |
| The Planning Process, Macro-economic and Agricultural Policies and Programmes | p. 21 |
| Governmental Organizational Instruments | p. 23 |
| Opportunities for Agricultural Development | p. 27 |
| Strategy and Recommendations | p. 30 |
| Organizational Requirements and Policy Recommendations | p. 31 |
| Physical, Historical and Macro-economic Setting | p. 34 |
| Geophysical, Social and Historical Setting | p. 34 |
| Administrative Divisions | p. 37 |
| Macro-economic Setting | p. 38 |
| Structural Change in the Economy Since 1970 | p. 38 |
| Recent Price Developments | p. 41 |
| External Trade and Balance of Payments | p. 42 |
| Management and Impact of Public Finances | p. 48 |
| Budgetary Developments and Adjustments in the Mid-1980s | p. 50 |
| Agricultural Performance, Structure and Resource Base | p. 55 |
| Role of Agriculture in the Economy | p. 55 |
| Performance Within Agriculture | p. 64 |
| Land Distribution and Land Use | p. 67 |
| Resource Base | p. 68 |
| Physical Geography | p. 68 |
| Climate | p. 73 |
| Soils | p. 73 |
| Hydrology | p. 73 |
| Natural Vegetation | p. 73 |
| The Operational Environment | p. 74 |
| Landform Typology | p. 74 |
| Irrigation | p. 74 |
| Critical Areas | p. 74 |
| Patterns of Resource Use | p. 77 |
| Crops | p. 77 |
| Cropping Systems | p. 95 |
| Farming Systems and Technology | p. 103 |
| Livestock Husbandry | p. 115 |
| Fisheries | p. 124 |
| Forestry | p. 127 |
| Agricultural Research | p. 130 |
| Research Institutions | p. 131 |
| Farming System Research | p. 133 |
| Dimensions of Rural Poverty and Target Groups | p. 139 |
| Distribution of Income and Consumption by Socio-economic Groups | p. 139 |
| Factor Income Generation | p. 140 |
| Household Income Distribution | p. 149 |
| Household Outlays | p. 153 |
| Trends and Evaluation | p. 155 |
| Socio-economic Dimensions of Nutritional Inequality | p. 162 |
| Different Modes of Food Acquisition | p. 170 |
| Summary | p. 174 |
| Regional Dimensions of Poverty | p. 174 |
| Summary | p. 183 |
| Women as Target Group | p. 183 |
| Women and Education | p. 185 |
| Role of Women in the Local Economy | p. 187 |
| Relationship Between Education and Employment for Women | p. 188 |
| Women in Agricultural Production | p. 190 |
| Non-farm Employment Status of Women in Java | p. 195 |
| Female-headed Households and Economic Implications | p. 195 |
| Maternal Mortality Rate | p. 197 |
| Rural Poverty, Land Distribution and Productivity, and Employment | p. 198 |
| Pattern of Food Consumption, Nutrition and Health | p. 210 |
| Food Consumption Pattern | p. 210 |
| Commodities Providing the Food Supply | p. 211 |
| Dependency on a Single Food | p. 215 |
| Food Policy Issues | p. 217 |
| Self-sufficiency in Rice | p. 217 |
| Equity Implications in the Rice Policy | p. 217 |
| Food Consumption Diversification | p. 218 |
| Nutritional Status and Health-related Issues | p. 219 |
| Nutritional Problems in Indonesia | p. 220 |
| Nutrition Programmes | p. 229 |
| Nutrition Trends, Overview and Recommendations | p. 233 |
| Rural Water Supply, Sanitation and Health Facilities | p. 234 |
| Rural Water Supply and Sanitation | p. 234 |
| Health Facilities, Human Resources and Programmes | p. 239 |
| Policies and Interventions in Agriculture and Rural Institutions: Pattern of Past and Present | p. 245 |
| The Planning Process, Macro-economic and Agricultural Policies and Programmes | p. 246 |
| Development Plans, Performance and the Planning Process | p. 246 |
| Macro-economic and Agricultural Policies and Programmes | p. 248 |
| Governmental Organizational Instruments | p. 253 |
| Organizations for Horizontal and Vertical Integration of Small-scale Producers and Large-scale Enterprises | p. 253 |
| Transmigration | p. 257 |
| Rural Credit System | p. 259 |
| Cooperatives | p. 266 |
| Agricultural Extension Service | p. 271 |
| Institutional Support Services for Women in Rural Development and Review of Existing Programmes | p. 273 |
| Non-governmental Development Organizations | p. 278 |
| Conclusions | p. 280 |
| Opportunities for Agricultural Development | p. 284 |
| Technical Options | p. 284 |
| Preconditions for Agricultural Sector Growth | p. 295 |
| Fulfilling the Preconditions for Growth | p. 296 |
| Strategy and Recommendations | p. 298 |
| Employment Strategy and Reorientation of the Structure of Production | p. 298 |
| Employment Opportunities on Java | p. 300 |
| Employment Opportunities on the Outer Islands | p. 302 |
| Organizational Requirements and Policy Recommendations | p. 303 |
| Annex to Chapter 4 | p. 315 |
| A. Note on Identification of Poor Subdistricts (Kecamatan) | p. 316 |
| B. Note on Annex Tables for Rural Farm Size and Land Use Status by Province and Regency (Kabupaten) | p. 317 |
| Bibliography | p. 337 |
| Index | p. 355 |
| Table of Contents provided by Blackwell. All Rights Reserved. |
