| List of Contributors | p. xiv |
| Strategies for Control and Coordination within Multiarm Systems | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| The Functional Architecture | p. 3 |
| An Example of Supporting Hw and Sw Architecture | p. 6 |
| The Low Level Control Layer | p. 8 |
| The Medium Level Control Layer | p. 11 |
| The Teleoperated/Automatic Independent Motion Control of the Arms | p. 12 |
| The Teleoperated/Automatic Coordinated Motion Control of the Arms | p. 15 |
| Interaction Control during Coordinated Motion | p. 21 |
| Comments on the Role of the High Level Control Layer | p. 23 |
| Conclusions | p. 24 |
| Modelling and Control of Servomechanisms | p. 27 |
| Introduction | p. 27 |
| Modelling and Compensation of Torque Disturbances | p. 29 |
| Torque Disturbance Generation | p. 29 |
| Existing Solutions for Torque Minimisation | p. 30 |
| Torque Disturbance Model | p. 31 |
| Spectral Identification of the Disturbance | p. 31 |
| Adaptive Identification of the Disturbance | p. 33 |
| Design of a Compensation Technique | p. 34 |
| Experimental Results | p. 35 |
| Modelling and Compensation of Load Oscillations | p. 37 |
| Model of an Elastic Servo Mechanism | p. 37 |
| Existing Solutions for the Compensation of Load Oscillations | p. 39 |
| Classical Control and Load Oscillations | p. 39 |
| LQG Load Position Control | p. 45 |
| Design of the Optimal Controller | p. 46 |
| Design of the Kalman Filter | p. 48 |
| Design of the Feedforward Filters | p. 48 |
| Experimental Results | p. 50 |
| Conclusions and Future Directions | p. 51 |
| Robotic Grasping and Manipulation | p. 55 |
| Introduction | p. 55 |
| Kinematics of Manipulation | p. 57 |
| Grasp Closure Properties | p. 60 |
| Form Closure | p. 60 |
| Force Closure | p. 61 |
| Dynamics | p. 63 |
| Stability | p. 64 |
| Contact Compliance | p. 66 |
| Grasping and the Kinematics of the Hand | p. 67 |
| Measures of Grasp Performance | p. 67 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 68 |
| Tactile Sensing for Robotic Manipulation | p. 75 |
| Introduction | p. 75 |
| An Overview on Force/Torque and Tactile Sensors | p. 77 |
| Force Sensors, IT Sensing | p. 77 |
| Tactile Sensors | p. 79 |
| Technology for Tactile Sensing | p. 80 |
| Examples of Force/Torque and Tactile Sensors | p. 82 |
| A Miniaturised Intrinsic Tactile Sensor | p. 83 |
| A Tactile Matrix Sensor | p. 84 |
| Slip Detection | p. 87 |
| Slip Detection with a Tactile Sensor | p. 87 |
| Slip Detection with a Tactile and Force/Torque Sensor | p. 89 |
| Rotational and Translational Slip Detection | p. 90 |
| Experimental Results | p. 93 |
| Translational Slip Detection and Control | p. 94 |
| Rotational and Translational Slip Detection and Control | p. 94 |
| Manipulation Exploiting Friction | p. 96 |
| Conclusions | p. 99 |
| On Control of Flexible Robots | p. 103 |
| Introduction | p. 103 |
| Modelling | p. 104 |
| Single Link | p. 104 |
| Exact Model | p. 104 |
| Rayleigh-Ritz Methods | p. 106 |
| Finite Element Method | p. 107 |
| Multiple Links | p. 107 |
| Remarks | p. 108 |
| Control | p. 109 |
| PD Regulation | p. 109 |
| Strain Feedback Control | p. 109 |
| Inverse Dynamics | p. 109 |
| Fuzzy Regulation | p. 110 |
| Robust Control | p. 110 |
| Singular Perturbation | p. 111 |
| Sliding | p. 111 |
| Input Shaping | p. 112 |
| Cyclic Control | p. 112 |
| p. 112 |
| Conclusion | p. 117 |
| Interaction Control | p. 121 |
| Introduction | p. 121 |
| Motion Control | p. 123 |
| Modelling | p. 123 |
| Motion Control in Task Space | p. 124 |
| Six-DOF Impedance Control | p. 126 |
| Classical Impedance Control | p. 127 |
| Geometrically Consistent Impedance Control | p. 129 |
| Inner Motion Control Loop | p. 132 |
| Redundancy Resolution | p. 133 |
| Cooperative Robots | p. 135 |
| Loose Cooperation | p. 135 |
| Tight Cooperation | p. 136 |
| Experimental Validation | p. 138 |
| Single Manipulator | p. 139 |
| Loose Cooperation | p. 148 |
| Tight Cooperation | p. 150 |
| Conclusion and Future Directions | p. 152 |
| Impact Modelling and Control of Robotic Links | p. 155 |
| Introduction | p. 155 |
| Impact Modelling | p. 157 |
| Some "Pioneering" Works | p. 157 |
| General Approaches to Impact Modelling | p. 158 |
| Impact Control in Robotics | p. 161 |
| Some "Old" Experimental Switching Schemes | p. 162 |
| Integral Control Laws and Bouncing Problems | p. 163 |
| A Unique Control Law for Free Motion and Contact | p. 165 |
| Some Proposed Impact Control Schemes | p. 165 |
| A Control Scheme Based on Impact Effects Estimation | p. 167 |
| A Position Feedback Control Law | p. 171 |
| Conclusions | p. 177 |
| Control of Wheeled Mobile Robots: An Experimental Overview | p. 181 |
| Introduction | p. 181 |
| Organization of Contents | p. 182 |
| Basic Motion Tasks | p. 183 |
| Modelling and Control Properties | p. 184 |
| Controllability at a Point | p. 185 |
| Controllability About a Trajectory | p. 186 |
| Feedback Linearisability | p. 187 |
| Chained Forms | p. 188 |
| Target Vehicle: SuperMARIO | p. 189 |
| Physical Description | p. 189 |
| Control System Architecture | p. 190 |
| Kinematics | p. 191 |
| Control Constraints | p. 192 |
| Trajectory Tracking | p. 193 |
| Feedforward Command Generation | p. 193 |
| Linear Control Design | p. 194 |
| Nonlinear Control Design | p. 195 |
| Dynamic Feedback Linearisation | p. 196 |
| Experiments | p. 199 |
| Posture Stabilisation | p. 204 |
| Smooth Time-varying Control | p. 204 |
| Nonsmooth Time-varying Control | p. 207 |
| Control Based on Polar Coordinates | p. 210 |
| Dynamic Feedback Linearisation | p. 215 |
| Guidelines for End-users | p. 221 |
| Summary and Comparison | p. 221 |
| Future Directions | p. 223 |
| Landmark Recognition in Indoor Navigation by Fuzzy Maps and CBR | p. 227 |
| Introduction | p. 227 |
| World Representation | p. 228 |
| The Overall Structure | p. 230 |
| Fuzzy Maps | p. 231 |
| Fuzzy Morphology | p. 233 |
| Worldmark | p. 233 |
| Wavelet Decomposition | p. 235 |
| Denoising with Wavelet | p. 236 |
| Similarity Metric | p. 238 |
| Cross Correlation Similarity | p. 238 |
| Fuzzy Similarity | p. 238 |
| Wavelet Similarity | p. 240 |
| Extension to a Dynamic Library: CBR | p. 240 |
| Combined Recognition | p. 244 |
| Experiments with Static Library and TBM | p. 246 |
| Conclusion and Future Developments | p. 249 |
| Sensor Fusion for Robot Localisation | p. 251 |
| Introduction | p. 251 |
| Sensor Integration | p. 254 |
| Techniques and Approaches | p. 254 |
| Outdoor and Indoor Characterisation | p. 257 |
| Sensor Fusion | p. 257 |
| Sensor Fusion With Known Statistics in a Centralised Architecture | p. 258 |
| Sensor Fusion With Known Statistics in a Decentralised Architecture | p. 260 |
| Sensor Fusion With Unknown Statistics | p. 261 |
| Localisation | p. 262 |
| The Localisation Problem | p. 262 |
| The Extended Kalman Filter | p. 264 |
| Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter | p. 266 |
| Integrating Vision and Sonar | p. 267 |
| Observability and Localisation | p. 267 |
| Simultaneous Localisation and Map Construction | p. 267 |
| Multi-robot Localisation | p. 268 |
| Some Experimental Results | p. 268 |
| Conclusion and Future Directions | p. 269 |
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