


Hardcover
Published: 18th March 2002
ISBN: 9780521583084
Number Of Pages: 350
This introduction to the use of radar for remote sensing of natural surfaces provides the reader with a thorough grounding in practical applications, focusing particularly on terrestrial studies that may be extended to other planets. An historical overview of the subject is followed by an introduction to the nomenclature and methodology pertaining to radar data collection, image interpretation and surface roughness analysis. The author then presents a summary (illustrated with examples from the natural environment) of theoretical explanations for the backscatter properties of continuous rough surfaces, collections of discrete objects, and layered terrain. Case studies of radar surveys of the Moon, Mercury, Venus and Mars complete the book. The level is appropriate for students and professionals across a broad range of scientific disciplines including Earth and planetary sciences, electrical engineering, and remote sensing. Particular emphasis is given to practical geological and geophysical studies of the terrestrial planets.
"...this text belongs in the library of anyone interested in radar remote sensing. It is a well-written, comprehensive text that can easily be understood by someone expressing an ititial interest in the field, and contains sufficient information and analysis to keep the seasoned radar analyst interested. The author is to be congratulated on his achievement." Geomatica "The author's intention is to fill a perceived gap in the literature on radar backscatter analysis. The text meets this goal and would be suitable for a variety of university level courses in remote sensing. For the student of remote sensing data analysis, this text is well suited as a mid-level introduction to the specifics of radar remote sensing beyond the basic principles that should be acquired from a general subject primer...This well organized and written text is recommended..." The Leading Edge "A well-organized treatment." Choice
Acknowledgments | p. ix |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Radar remote sensing | p. 1 |
Historical context | p. 3 |
Rationale | p. 10 |
Outline of the book | p. 11 |
Radar scattering terminology | p. 13 |
Outline | p. 13 |
Basic terminology | p. 13 |
Constitutive parameters | p. 17 |
Electromagnetic waves in arbitrary media | p. 19 |
Energy loss in a medium | p. 20 |
Polarization | p. 21 |
Coherence and power | p. 24 |
The Stokes vector | p. 25 |
Polarization terminology | p. 28 |
Reflection and refraction at a plane boundary | p. 29 |
Emission from a surface | p. 33 |
The radar equation | p. 34 |
Polarization ratios | p. 35 |
The scattering matrix | p. 36 |
The Mueller and Stokes matrices | p. 37 |
Polarization synthesis | p. 40 |
Summary | p. 41 |
Roughness and dielectric properties | p. 44 |
Outline | p. 44 |
Definition of roughness | p. 45 |
Basic statistics of a rough surface | p. 45 |
Correlation | p. 49 |
The Fourier transform | p. 51 |
The power spectrum, aliasing, and filtering | p. 52 |
The importance of horizontal scale | p. 57 |
Introduction to fractal concepts | p. 58 |
Properties of self-affine continuous surfaces | p. 62 |
Properties of surface and volume populations | p. 65 |
Methods of topographic data collection | p. 67 |
Dielectric properties of natural materials | p. 70 |
Mixing of materials with different properties | p. 75 |
Measuring the dielectric constant | p. 79 |
Summary | p. 80 |
Radar data collection and analysis | p. 82 |
Outline | p. 82 |
Antennas | p. 83 |
Pulse compression techniques | p. 85 |
Real-aperture radar (RAR) | p. 88 |
Synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) | p. 90 |
Planetary ranging and continuous-wave observations | p. 95 |
Planetary delay-Doppler mapping | p. 97 |
Effect of the ionosphere | p. 104 |
Speckle | p. 104 |
Radar scatterometers and altimeters | p. 106 |
Interferometry | p. 107 |
Geometric effects in radar mapping | p. 110 |
Image geometric corrections | p. 113 |
Data calibration | p. 117 |
Image speckle and texture analysis | p. 121 |
Structural and stereo mapping | p. 127 |
Summary | p. 131 |
Theoretical treatment of scattering by rough surfaces | p. 132 |
Outline | p. 132 |
Vector and scalar fields | p. 133 |
Coherent and incoherent reflections | p. 133 |
Scattering at a rough two-dimensional interface | p. 135 |
Roughness criteria | p. 137 |
Scattering by gently undulating surfaces | p. 138 |
Scattering by slightly rough surfaces | p. 145 |
Integral equation methods for rough surface scattering | p. 151 |
Scalar model for coherent scattering by fractal rough surfaces | p. 152 |
Scattering by collections of discrete objects | p. 154 |
Numerical methods | p. 161 |
The general nature of surface scattering | p. 162 |
Summary | p. 166 |
Radar scattering from continuous rough surfaces | p. 167 |
Outline | p. 167 |
Topographic and dielectric data for rough surfaces | p. 168 |
Radar data for rough surfaces | p. 173 |
Surface roughness | p. 178 |
General backscatter properties of rough surfaces | p. 180 |
Relationships between echo components | p. 182 |
Very smooth surfaces and the small-perturbation model | p. 187 |
Empirical models for the HH, VV, LR, and RL echoes | p. 190 |
Empirical models for the HV, VH, LL, and RR echoes | p. 193 |
Wavelength dependence in scattering from fractal surfaces | p. 196 |
Blocky surfaces | p. 196 |
Aeolian roughness | p. 197 |
Scattering at high incidence angles | p. 200 |
Summary and implications for radar remote sensing | p. 201 |
Radar scattering from collections of objects or layered terrain | p. 203 |
Outline | p. 203 |
Statistical descriptions of rock-strewn surfaces | p. 203 |
Example of a rock-strewn field site | p. 208 |
Radar scattering from a rock-strewn surface | p. 213 |
Radar scattering from sand dunes | p. 219 |
Radar scattering from mantled rough surfaces | p. 221 |
Examples of mantled surfaces | p. 227 |
Radar scattering from volume populations | p. 231 |
Summary and implications for remote sensing | p. 234 |
Planetary radar studies: the Moon, Mercury, and asteroids | p. 235 |
Outline | p. 235 |
General properties of regoliths | p. 235 |
Radar data for the Moon | p. 239 |
Radar data for Mercury | p. 241 |
Scattering models for a planetary regolith | p. 241 |
The lunar mare regolith | p. 247 |
Lunar pyroclastic deposits | p. 254 |
Radar properties of lunar and mercurian impact craters | p. 254 |
Ice at the poles of Mercury and the Moon | p. 259 |
Radar observations of asteroids | p. 262 |
Radar sounding | p. 264 |
Summary and future directions | p. 268 |
Planetary radar studies: Venus and Mars | p. 270 |
Outline | p. 270 |
The surface of Venus | p. 271 |
Radar data for Venus | p. 272 |
Surface properties of the Venus plains | p. 278 |
Surface properties of venusian volcanoes | p. 286 |
Impact craters on Venus | p. 289 |
The nature of the Venus highlands | p. 293 |
The surface of Mars | p. 301 |
Radar data for Mars | p. 302 |
Radar scattering from heavily cratered terrain and plains on Mars | p. 304 |
Surface properties of martian outflow and ejecta deposits | p. 305 |
Surface properties of martian volcanoes | p. 308 |
The martian polar caps | p. 310 |
Summary and future directions | p. 311 |
List of symbols | p. 312 |
References | p. 316 |
Index | p. 329 |
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9780521583084
ISBN-10: 052158308X
Audience:
Tertiary; University or College
Format:
Hardcover
Language:
English
Number Of Pages: 350
Published: 18th March 2002
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Country of Publication: GB
Dimensions (cm): 25.4 x 17.8
x 2.1
Weight (kg): 0.82