| Preface | p. xi |
| Wave Properties and Polarization | p. 1 |
| Plane Waves in a Lossless Homogeneous Medium | p. 2 |
| Wave Polarization | p. 4 |
| Cartesian Coordinate System | p. 5 |
| Spherical Coordinate System | p. 9 |
| Stokes Vector Representation | p. 11 |
| Modified Stokes Vector | p. 13 |
| Partial Polarization | p. 14 |
| References | p. 16 |
| Scattering Matrix Representation for Simple Targets | p. 17 |
| Coordinate System and Scattering Matrix | p. 17 |
| Forward Scattering Alignment (FSA) Convention | p. 19 |
| Backscatter Alignment (BSA) Convention | p. 20 |
| Reciprocity Relation | p. 22 |
| Mueller and Modified Mueller Matrices | p. 25 |
| Polarization Synthesis | p. 27 |
| Polarization Response | p. 33 |
| Large Conducting Sphere | p. 33 |
| Dihedral Corner Reflector | p. 35 |
| Trihedral Corner Reflector | p. 37 |
| Short, Thin Cylinder | p. 39 |
| Helix | p. 42 |
| Coordinate System Transformations | p. 45 |
| FSA to BSA Transformation | p. 45 |
| Transformation for JPL Stokes Matrix Data | p. 48 |
| Conclusions | p. 49 |
| References | p. 50 |
| Scattering Models for Point Targets | p. 53 |
| Introduction | p. 54 |
| High Frequency Scattering | p. 56 |
| Physical Optics Approximation | p. 56 |
| Flat Plate | p. 61 |
| Curved Plates | p. 67 |
| Convex Bodies | p. 72 |
| Circular Cylinder | p. 75 |
| Sphere | p. 80 |
| Low Frequency Scattering | p. 81 |
| Formulation | p. 82 |
| Homogeneous Dielectric Bodies | p. 85 |
| Perfectly Conducting Bodies and Plates | p. 90 |
| Exact Solutions | p. 92 |
| Circular Cylinder | p. 92 |
| Sphere | p. 101 |
| Summary Table | p. 107 |
| References | p. 108 |
| Scattering Models for Distributed Targets | p. 111 |
| Rough Surface Scattering Models | p. 112 |
| Kirchhoff Approach | p. 114 |
| Geometrical Optics Model | p. 118 |
| Physical Optics Model | p. 121 |
| Small Perturbation Model | p. 125 |
| Polarization Synthesis for Rough Surface Models | p. 130 |
| Radiative Transfer Theory | p. 134 |
| Scalar Radiative Transfer Equation | p. 135 |
| Vector Radiative Transfer Equation | p. 136 |
| Boundary Conditions for the Radiative Transfer Equation | p. 143 |
| Solutions for the Radiative Transfer Equation | p. 145 |
| Iterative Method | p. 146 |
| Numerical Technuque | p. 151 |
| Polarization Synthesis | p. 161 |
| Vegetation Canopy Model | p. 165 |
| Radiative Transfer Model for a Single Vegetation Layer Over a Soil Surface | p. 165 |
| Radiative Transfer Model for a Forest Canopy | p. 170 |
| Numerical Simulations | p. 176 |
| Deficiencies of the Radiative Transfer Theory | p. 185 |
| References | p. 187 |
| Polarimetric Scatterometer Systems and Measurements | p. 191 |
| Scatterometer System Configuration | p. 192 |
| CW Radar | p. 193 |
| CW-Doppler Radar | p. 197 |
| FM-CW Radar | p. 197 |
| Pulse Radar | p. 200 |
| Network Analyzer Based Polarimetric Scatterometers | p. 202 |
| Network Analyzer Principles of Operation | p. 203 |
| Network Analyzer Operation as a Scatterometer | p. 205 |
| Microwave Polarimetric Scatterometers | p. 211 |
| Millimeter-Wave Polarimetric Scatterometers | p. 213 |
| Calibration of Polarimetric Scatterometers | p. 217 |
| System Distortion Matrices | p. 219 |
| Systems with Diagonal Distortion Matrics | p. 223 |
| Non-Reciprocal Systems with Full Distortion Matrices | p. 227 |
| Reciprocal Systems with Full Distortion Matrices | p. 232 |
| Comparison with Measured Data | p. 234 |
| Systhesized Polarization Response of Distributed Targets | p. 237 |
| Surface Scattering | p. 242 |
| Volume Scattering | p. 244 |
| Measurement Precision | p. 248 |
| Examples of Polarimetric Measurements of Surfaces and Volumes | p. 252 |
| Measurement of the Propagation Parameters of a Forest Canopy | p. 262 |
| Polarimetric Radar Model for Trees with a Point Target Underneath | p. 265 |
| References | p. 271 |
| Polarimetric Radar System Design | p. 273 |
| Polarimetric and Conventional Radar Systems | p. 273 |
| Introduction | p. 273 |
| Note on Coordinate Systems | p. 275 |
| Polarimetric Measurements | p. 276 |
| The Radar Equation and Signal-to-Noise Ratio | p. 276 |
| Example Design Control Table | p. 279 |
| System Design | p. 281 |
| Scattering Matrix Measurement Approach | p. 281 |
| Calibration Tones | p. 284 |
| Polarimetric Radar Hardware | p. 285 |
| Antennas | p. 285 |
| Flight Electronics | p. 287 |
| Data Processing | p. 289 |
| Data Compression | p. 291 |
| Examples of Polarimetric Observations | p. 295 |
| Polarimetric Radar Calibration | p. 295 |
| Background | p. 295 |
| Phase Calibration | p. 297 |
| Crosstalk Calibration and Removal | p. 300 |
| Absolute Amplitude Calibration and Channel Gain Balance | p. 307 |
| Existing and Planned Imaging Radar Polarimeters | p. 310 |
| Airborne Systems | p. 310 |
| Spaceborne Systems | p. 311 |
| References | p. 312 |
| Polarimetric sar Applications | p. 315 |
| Polarization Response | p. 315 |
| Contrast Enhancement | p. 324 |
| Stokes Scattering Operator Method | p. 324 |
| Covariance Matrix Method | p. 326 |
| Examples | p. 327 |
| Unsupervised Classification of Scattering Behavior | p. 339 |
| Examples | p. 341 |
| Supervised Classification of Earth Terrain | p. 344 |
| Optimum (Bayes) Classification Distance | p. 344 |
| Minimum Distance Classifier | p. 345 |
| Examples | p. 347 |
| Conclusions | p. 354 |
| References | p. 357 |
| Index | p. 361 |
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