| Preface | p. xi |
| Basic Concepts of Radar | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| The Sensor | p. 4 |
| Noncoherent Pulse Radar | p. 4 |
| Pulsed Doppler Radar | p. 8 |
| Display of the Data | p. 14 |
| Sensitivity of the Receiver | p. 16 |
| Antenna | p. 20 |
| Resolution | p. 33 |
| Refraction | p. 35 |
| Attenuation | p. 41 |
| The Radar Equation: General Forms | p. 41 |
| Single Scatterer | p. 41 |
| Distributed Target | p. 43 |
| Calibration and Setting Up | p. 46 |
| Meteorological Signals | p. 48 |
| Meteorological Targets | p. 48 |
| Signal Statistics | p. 51 |
| Decorrelation Time: Independent Samples | p. 53 |
| Sample Time Averaging: Reducing the Variance of the Mean | p. 56 |
| Reducing the Integration Time | p. 58 |
| Detecting Weak Signals | p. 61 |
| Sampling and Demultiplexing | p. 66 |
| Hydrological Measurements | p. 69 |
| Introduction | p. 69 |
| Clouds and Precipitation | p. 70 |
| Physical Processes of Formation | p. 70 |
| Hydrometeor Size Distributions: General Forms | p. 70 |
| Integral Parameters | p. 74 |
| Clouds | p. 77 |
| Precipitation | p. 78 |
| Terminal Fall Velocity of Hydrometeors | p. 81 |
| The Shape of Hydrometeors | p. 85 |
| Scattering and Attenuation Cross Sections | p. 88 |
| Homogeneous Spherical Particles | p. 88 |
| Nonhomogeneous Particles | p. 97 |
| Nonspherical Particles | p. 99 |
| Atmospheric Attenuation | p. 102 |
| Attenuation by Gases | p. 103 |
| Attenuation by Clouds | p. 103 |
| Attenuation by Precipitation | p. 105 |
| Backscattering by Clouds and Precipitation | p. 111 |
| Radar Reflectivity Factor | p. 111 |
| Z and X Relations | p. 114 |
| Polarization Measurements | p. 123 |
| Hail Precipitation Detection | p. 134 |
| Lightning Detection | p. 141 |
| Artifacts | p. 145 |
| Particular Meteorological Forms of the Radar Equation | p. 145 |
| Precipitation Measurements | p. 150 |
| Introduction | p. 150 |
| Single-Wavelength Reflectivity | p. 152 |
| Radar and Rain Gauge | p. 153 |
| Single-Wavelength Attenuation Measurements | p. 157 |
| Dual-Wavelength a-R Method | p. 159 |
| Dual-Wavelength N(D) Method | p. 160 |
| Dual Polarization | p. 161 |
| Area Integral Methods for Convective Rainfall | p. 164 |
| Radar Networks | p. 167 |
| Short-Term Forecasting | p. 169 |
| Radars and Satellites | p. 170 |
| Technical Aspects | p. 171 |
| Estimation of Precipitation with Visible and Infrared Data | p. 172 |
| Rain Estimation by Passive Microwave Methods | p. 173 |
| Orbital Radars | p. 177 |
| Velocity Measurements | p. 181 |
| The Doppler Spectrum | p. 182 |
| Spectral Parameters | p. 182 |
| Discrete-Fourier Transform | p. 185 |
| Estimators of Spectral Moments | p. 191 |
| Factors Affecting the Width of the Doppler Spectrum | p. 200 |
| Ground Clutter Suppression | p. 204 |
| Doppler Spectra at Vertical Incidence | p. 205 |
| Size Distribution of Precipitation | p. 206 |
| Vertical Air Velocity | p. 207 |
| Measurement of the Velocity Fields with a Single Doppler Radar | p. 210 |
| Analysis of the Mean Field by the VAD Method | p. 210 |
| The VVP Method | p. 215 |
| Display of the Radial Velocity | p. 217 |
| Measurement of Turbulence | p. 220 |
| The Inertial Domain | p. 221 |
| Measurement of Rate of Dissipation of Turbulent Kinetic Energy | p. 222 |
| The Turbulence Field | p. 223 |
| Measurement of the Velocity Fields with Several Doppler Radars | p. 226 |
| Retrieval of the Thermodynamic and Microphysical Fields | p. 228 |
| Airborne Radar | p. 230 |
| Observation of Clear Air | p. 233 |
| Introduction | p. 233 |
| Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves by a Turbulent Medium | p. 234 |
| General Relations | p. 234 |
| Reflectivity in the Inertial Domain | p. 236 |
| Relationship Between Radar Reflectivity and the Average Atmospheric Field | p. 238 |
| ST Radar | p. 240 |
| Influence of the Wavelength | p. 240 |
| Wind Measurements | p. 243 |
| Reflectivity | p. 245 |
| Networks of ST Radar | p. 247 |
| Rass | p. 249 |
| Insects | p. 252 |
| General Characteristics | p. 252 |
| Insects and Birds | p. 255 |
| Observations | p. 256 |
| Artificial Tracers | p. 256 |
| General Properties | p. 256 |
| Applications to Atmospheric Observation | p. 257 |
| Introduction to the Study of Some Meteorological Structures by Radar | p. 261 |
| Introduction | p. 261 |
| Diversity of Meteorological Structures | p. 261 |
| Movements of the Atmosphere | p. 261 |
| The Area of Radar Application | p. 265 |
| Convection in the Planetary Boundary Layer | p. 266 |
| The Convective Boundary Layer | p. 266 |
| Observation of the Convective Field | p. 267 |
| The Aerobiological Field | p. 270 |
| Pollution and Plumes | p. 271 |
| Deep Convection and Thunderstorms | p. 273 |
| The Convective Cells | p. 275 |
| Convective Storm Structure | p. 278 |
| Squall Lines | p. 284 |
| Microbursts | p. 285 |
| Hail | p. 288 |
| Electrical Activity of Storms | p. 289 |
| Tornadoes and Vortexes | p. 290 |
| General Characteristics | p. 290 |
| Identification of Vortexes by Radar | p. 291 |
| Application to Warning Systems | p. 297 |
| Extratropical Cyclone Disturbances and Stratiform Clouds | p. 298 |
| Structure of Extratropical Cyclone Disturbances | p. 298 |
| Stratiform Precipitation | p. 303 |
| Tropical Cyclones | p. 312 |
| Turbulent Stratifications and Shear Instability | p. 314 |
| Experimental Modification of Clouds and Precipitation | p. 318 |
| Bibliographical Note | p. 321 |
| Units and Symbols | p. 323 |
| List of Constants | p. 327 |
| Definitions and Various Numerical Values | p. 329 |
| References | p. 339 |
| Index | p. 363 |
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