| The International Solvay Institutes | p. v |
| 23rd Solvay Conference on Physics | p. ix |
| Opening Session | p. xiii |
| History | p. 1 |
| Rapporteur talk: Solvay Redivivus | p. 1 |
| Three Miracles | p. 1 |
| SOLVAY -1: Einstein-Lorentz, Einstein-Poincare | p. 6 |
| Ignoramus, Ignorabimus at Solvays-5 and Solvay-6 | p. 10 |
| Solvay Redivivus | p. 15 |
| Discussion | p. 19 |
| Quantum Mechanics | p. 21 |
| Rapporteur talk: Generalizing Quantum Mechanics | p. 21 |
| Abstract | p. 21 |
| Introduction | p. 22 |
| Quantum Mechanics Today | p. 24 |
| Spacetime and Quantum Theory | p. 26 |
| The Quantum Mechanics of Closed Systems | p. 27 |
| Quantum Theory in 3+1 Form | p. 30 |
| Generalized Quantum Theory | p. 32 |
| A Quantum Theory of Spacetime Geometry | p. 33 |
| Beyond Spacetime | p. 35 |
| Emergence/Excess Baggage | p. 35 |
| Emergence of Signature | p. 38 |
| Beyond Quantum Theory | p. 39 |
| Conclusion | p. 40 |
| Discussion | p. 44 |
| Singularities | p. 51 |
| Rapporteur talk: Singularities | p. 51 |
| Introduction | p. 51 |
| Singularity Theorems | p. 51 |
| Cosmic Censorship | p. 53 |
| Classical Boundary Conditions and Stability | p. 54 |
| Boundary Conditions in Cosmology | p. 55 |
| Higher dimensional resolutions | p. 59 |
| Singularities at the end of Hawking Evaporation | p. 61 |
| Maldacena's Conjecture | p. 61 |
| Discussion | p. 64 |
| Prepared Comments | p. 65 |
| Gary Horowitz: Singularities in String Theory | p. 65 |
| Discussion | p. 69 |
| Prepared Comments | p. 70 |
| Eva Silverstein: Singularities: Closed String Tachyons and Singularities | p. 70 |
| Discussion | p. 77 |
| Prepared Comments | p. 77 |
| Thibault Damour: Cosmological Singularities and E[subscript 10] | p. 77 |
| Discussion | p. 82 |
| Prepared Comments | p. 83 |
| Abhay Ashtekar: Singularities: quantum nature of the big bang in loop quantum gravity | p. 83 |
| Discussion | p. 87 |
| Mathematical Structures | p. 91 |
| Rapporteur talk: Mathematical Structures | p. 91 |
| Abstract | p. 91 |
| Quantum Theory and Mathematics | p. 91 |
| The quantum geometry of string theory | p. 97 |
| Non-perturbative string theory and branes | p. 107 |
| D-branes | p. 112 |
| The Role of Mathematics | p. 116 |
| Discussion | p. 119 |
| Prepared Comments | p. 123 |
| Renata Kallosh: Stabilization of moduli in string theory | p. 123 |
| Dieter Lust: A short remark on flux and D-brane vacua and their statistics | p. 127 |
| Michael Douglas: Mathematics and String Theory: Understanding the landscape | p. 132 |
| Discussion | p. 140 |
| Prepared Comments | p. 143 |
| Nikita Nekrasov: On string theory applications in condensed matter physics | p. 143 |
| Shing-Tung Yau: Mathematical Structures: Geometry of Six-Dimensional String | p. 147 |
| Discussion | p. 151 |
| Prepared Comments | p. 153 |
| Hermann Nicolai: E[subscript 10] and K(E[subscript 10]): prospects and challenges | p. 153 |
| Michael Atiyah: Beyond string theory? | p. 157 |
| Discussion | p. 159 |
| Emergent Spacetime | p. 163 |
| Rapporteur talk: Emergent Spacetime | p. 163 |
| Introduction | p. 163 |
| Ambiguous space | p. 164 |
| Non-standard theories without gravity | p. 168 |
| Derived general covariance | p. 169 |
| Examples of emergent space | p. 170 |
| Emergent time | p. 175 |
| Conclusions and speculations | p. 176 |
| Discussion | p. 179 |
| Prepared Comments | p. 182 |
| Tom Banks: The Holographic Approach to Quantum Gravity | p. 182 |
| Igor Klebanov: Confinement, Chiral Symmetry Breaking and String Theory | p. 191 |
| Juan Maldacena: Comments on emergent space-time | p. 195 |
| Alexander Polyakov: Beyond space-time | p. 199 |
| Discussion | p. 204 |
| Cosmology | p. 215 |
| Rapporteur talk: The cosmological constant and the string landscape, by Joseph Polchinski | p. 216 |
| The cosmological constant | p. 216 |
| The string landscape | p. 225 |
| Conclusions | p. 233 |
| Discussion | p. 237 |
| Prepared Comments | p. 242 |
| Steven Weinberg | p. 242 |
| Renata Kallosh: Inflationary models as a test of string theory | p. 246 |
| Andrei Linde: Eternal inflation in stringy landscape and the anthropic principle | p. 250 |
| Discussion | p. 255 |
| Paul J. Steinhardt: A modest proposal for solving the cosmological constant problem | p. 258 |
| Discussion | p. 264 |
| Closing remarks | p. 269 |
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