About the authors ix
Chapter 1 Introduction to psychopathology 1
Introduction 2
1.1 The basic features of psychological disorder 3
1.2 Stigma associated with psychological disorders and its historical context 6
1.3 Early psychological approaches to psychopathology 9
1.4 The genetic paradigm 14
1.5 The neuroscience paradigm 21
1.6 The cognitiveâ"behavioural paradigm 33
1.7 Factors that cut across the paradigms 45
1.8 Integration across multiple levels of analysis: the diathesisâ"stress integrative paradigm 56
Summary 59
Key terms 61
Websites 68
References 68
Acknowledgements 75
Chapter 2 Diagnosis and assessment 77
Introduction 78
2.1 Cornerstones of diagnosis and assessment 79
2.2 The diagnostic system of the American Psychiatric Association: DSM-5-TR 83
2.3 Psychological assessment 96
2.4 Neurobiological assessment 110
2.5 Cultural and ethnic diversity and assessment 115
Summary 118
Key terms 119
Websites 121
References 121
Acknowledgements 125
Chapter 3 Mood disorders 127
Introduction 128
3.1 Clinical descriptions and epidemiology of mood disorders 128
3.2 Aetiology of mood disorders 141
3.3 Treatment of mood disorders 154
3.4 Suicide 164
Summary 171
Key terms 172
Websites 174
References 175
Acknowledgements 186
Chapter 4 Anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and trauma-related disorders 187
Introduction 188
4.1 Clinical descriptions of the anxiety disorders 189
4.2 Comorbidity, gender and culture in anxiety disorders 195
4.3 Aetiology of anxiety disorders 198
4.4 Treatments of the anxiety disorders 209
4.5 Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders 211
4.6 Aetiology of the obsessive-compulsive and related disorders 217
4.7 Treatment of the obsessive-compulsive and related disorders 220
4.8 Post-traumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder 223
4.9 Treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder 228
Summary 231
Key terms 233
Websites 234
References 234
Acknowledgements 245
Chapter 5 Dissociative disorders, and somatic symptom and related disorders 247
Introduction 248
5.1 Dissociative disorders 248
5.2 Somatic symptom and related disorders 261
Summary 275
Key terms 276
Websites 276
References 276
Acknowledgements 283
Chapter 6 Schizophrenia 285
Introduction 286
6.1 Clinical descriptions of schizophrenia 287
6.2 Aetiology of schizophrenia 297
6.3 The role of neurotransmitters 301
6.4 Environmental factors influencing the developing brain 306
6.5 Treatment of schizophrenia 311
Summary 321
Key terms 322
Websites 323
References 324
Acknowledgements 334
Chapter 7 Substance use disorders 335
Introduction 336
7.1 Clinical descriptions, prevalence and effects of substance use disorders 336
7.2 Aetiology of substance use disorders 354
7.3 Treatment of substance use disorders 360
7.4 Prevention of substance use disorders 368
Summary 372
Key terms 373
Websites 374
References 374
Acknowledgements 384
Chapter 8 Eating disorders 385
Introduction 386
8.1 Clinical descriptions of eating disorders 387
8.2 Aetiology of eating disorders 397
8.3 Treatment of eating disorders 410
Summary 414
Key terms 415
Websites 415
References 416
Acknowledgements 424
Chapter 9 Clinical understandings of gender and sexuality 425
Introduction 426
9.1 Sexual norms and behaviour 427
9.2 Sexual dysfunctions 434
9.3 The paraphilic disorders 447
Summary 460
Key terms 461
Websites 462
References 462
Acknowledgements 468
Chapter 10 Disorders of childhood 469
Introduction 470
10.1 Classification and diagnosis of childhood disorders 470
10.2 Externalising disorders 472
10.3 Depression and anxiety in children and adolescents 485
10.4 Specific learning disorder 495
10.5 Intellectual disability 499
10.6 Autism spectrum disorder 503
Summary 512
Key terms 513
Websites 514
References 514
Acknowledgements 527
Chapter 11 Late life and neurocognitive disorders 529
Introduction 530
11.1 Ageing: issues and methods 530
11.2 Psychological disorders in late life 534
11.3 Neurocognitive disorders in late life 537
Summary 554
Key terms 555
Websites 555
References 556
Acknowledgements 562
Chapter 12 Personality and personality disorders 563
Introduction 564
12.1 The DSM-5-TR approach to classification 565
12.2 Common risk factors across the personality disorders 571
12.3 Clinical description and aetiology of the odd/eccentric cluster 572
12.4 Clinical description and aetiology of the dramatic/erratic cluster 575
12.5 Clinical description and aetiology of the anxious/fearful cluster 585
12.6 Treatment of personality disorders 588
Summary 593
Key terms 594
Websites 595
References 595
Acknowledgements 601
Chapter 13 Legal and ethical issues 603
Introduction 604
13.1 Mental health and the criminal justice system 605
13.2 Fitness to stand trial 612
13.3 Civil commitment 615
13.4 Ethical dilemmas in therapy and research 625
Summary 630
Key terms 631
Websites 632
References 632
Acknowledgements 634
Name Index 635
Subject Index 647
