Productivity Analysis at the Organizational Level

1 Introduction.- I Perpspective on Productivity Measurement.- 2 Productivity Measurement at the Firm Level: A Brief Survey.- 2.1 Definitions and Proxies.- 2.2 History and Use.- 2.3 Numerators and Denominators.- 2.4 Company Examples.- 2.5 Summary and Outlook.- References.- 3 Measurement of Productivity: Some Open Issues.- 3.1 A Time of Troubles.- 3.2 A Methodological Issue: Causality.- 3.3 Labor Inputs.- 3.4 Capital Inputs.- 3.5 Output of Products.- 3.6 Output of Services.- 3.7 Value Judgments.- References.- 4 Productivity Measurement at the Level of the Firm: An Application within Food Retailing.- 4.1 Measurement Approaches at the Micro Level.- 4.2 Reconceptualizing Productivity.- 4.3 Measuring Output.- 4.4 Testing the Validity of "TIME".- 4.5 Productivity Indexes.- 4.6 Conclusion.- Notes.- References.- II A Range of Studies at the micro level.- 5 A Modeling Approach to Productivity Deals.- 5.1 Changes in Working Hours, Labor Productivity, and the Size of the Work Force.- 5.2 Changes in Wage Rates.- 5.3 Changes in Benefits.- 5.4 The Effects on the Unit Cost and the Profit.- 5.5 Developing Models for Use in the Negotiations: An Example.- 5.6 Conclusions.- References.- 6 Personnel Assignment with a Budget Constraint.- 6.1 Mathematical Formulation.- 6.2 Solving the Problem.- 6.3 The Method.- 6.4 Feasibility and Execution Time.- References.- 7 Experimental Design for Comparing the Productivity of Traditional and Innovative Work Organizations.- 7.1 Traditional and Innovative Work Designs.- 7.2 Models and Hypotheses.- 7.3 Measuring Organizational Characteristics.- 7.4 Measures for Testing the Hypotheses.- 7.5 Productivity Measures.- 7.6 Conclusion.- References.- 8 Market Structure, Technological Development, and Productivity: Some Empirical Evidence.- 8.1 Market Structure and Technological Development: The Theory.- 8.2 Market Structure and Technological Development: Empirical Evidence.- 8.3 A Recent Research Study.- 8.4 Policy Implications.- Notes.- References.- 9 Labor Productivity in Large and Small Firms.- 9.1 The Data.- 9.2 The Results.- 9.3 The Firm Size with the Highest Productivity.- 9.4 Statistical Problems.- 9.5 Value Added per Production Worker Man-Hour.- 9.6 Conclusions.- Notes.- References.- III Some Productivity Issues in Public Organizations.- 10 Improving Public Sector Productivity through Competition.- 10.1 Alternative Organizational Arrangements for Delivering Services.- 10.2 Productivity Comparisons.- 10.3 Introducing Competition to Increase Productivity.- References.- 11 Public Sector Productivity and Collective Bargaining: The Case of New York City.- 11.1 Public Sector Productivity and Collective Bargaining Issues.- 11.2 The Case of the City of New York.- 11.3 Conclusion.- References.- Name Index.