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388 Pages
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Principles of Sequence Stratigraphy provides an in-depth coverage and impartial assessment of all current ideas and models in the field of sequence stratigraphy. This textbook thoroughly develops fundamental concepts of sequence stratigraphy that links base-level changes to sedimentary deposits. It examines differing approaches to how the sequence stratigraphic method can be applied to the rock record, and reviews practical applications such as how petroleum geologists can target where to drill for oil. The book's balanced approach helps students acquire a common terminology and conceptual understanding that will be helpful later in their academic and professional careers, whether they pursue jobs as geologists, geophysicists, or reservoir engineers.
This textbook offers theoretical guidelines of how the facies and time relationships are expected to be under specific circumstances such as subsidence patterns, sediment supply, topographic gradients, etc. It goes beyond the standard treatment of sequence stratigraphy by focusing on a more user-friendly and flexible method of analysis of the sedimentary rock record than other current methods. The text is richly illustrated with dozens of full color photographs and original illustrations of outcrop, core, well log, and 3D seismic data. There is a dedicated chapter on discussions and conclusions, along with an instructor site containing images from the book.
Principles of Sequence Stratigraphy will appeal to researchers and professionals, as well as upper graduate and graduate students in stratigraphy, sedimentology, petroleum peology and engineering, economic geology, coal geology, seismic exploration, precambrian geology, and mining geology and engineering.
* Offers theoretical guidelines of how the facies and time relationships are expected to be under specific circumstances such as subsidence patterns, sediment supply, topographic gradients, etc.
* Contains numerous high-quality and full-color diagrams, photographs and illustrations, virtually on every aid in comprehension of the subject
* Features a dedicated chapter on discussions and conclusions incorporating all previous chapters with references, basic principles and strategies
* Provides an extensive list of references for further reading, as well as an author and subject index for quick information access
Industry Reviews
Introduction | |
Sequence Stratigraphy-an Overview | p. 1 |
Sequence Stratigraphy in the Context of Interdisciplinary Research | p. 1 |
Sequence Stratigraphy-A Revolution in Sedimentary Geology | p. 3 |
Historical Development of Sequence Stratigraphy | p. 3 |
Early Developments | p. 3 |
Sequence Stratigraphy Era-Eustatic vs. Tectonic Controls on Sedimentation | p. 4 |
Sequence Models | p. 6 |
Sequence Stratigraphic Approach | p. 7 |
Terminology | p. 7 |
Concept of Scale | p. 9 |
Sequence Stratigraphy vs. Lithostratigraphy and Allostratigraphy | p. 10 |
Methods of Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis | |
Introduction | p. 17 |
Facies Analysis: Outcrops, Core, and Modern Analogues | p. 17 |
Concepts of Depositional System, Facies, and Facies Models | p. 17 |
Classification of Depositional Environments | p. 18 |
Walther's Law | p. 21 |
Sedimentary Petrography | p. 21 |
Paleocurrent Directions | p. 25 |
Pedology | p. 25 |
Ichnology | p. 31 |
General Principles | p. 31 |
Ichnofacies Classification | p. 32 |
Softground-related Ichnofacies | p. 33 |
Substrate-controlled Ichnofacies | p. 36 |
Discussion | p. 40 |
Well Logs | p. 40 |
Introduction | p. 40 |
Well Logs: Geological Uncertainties | p. 42 |
Constraining Well-log Interpretations | p. 44 |
Seismic Data | p. 48 |
Introduction | p. 48 |
Physical Attributes of Seismic Data | p. 50 |
Workflow of Seismic Data Analysis | p. 51 |
Reconnaissance Studies | p. 51 |
Interval Attribute Maps | p. 52 |
Horizon Attribute Maps | p. 56 |
3D Perspective Visualization | p. 56 |
Age Determination Techniques | p. 58 |
Workflow of Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis | p. 63 |
Tectonic Setting (Type of Sedimentary Basin) | p. 63 |
Paleodepositional Environments | p. 66 |
Sequence Stratigraphic Framework | p. 68 |
Stratal Terminations | p. 69 |
Stratigraphic Surfaces | p. 69 |
Systems Tracts and Sequences | p. 70 |
Accommodation and Shoreline Shifts | |
Introduction | p. 73 |
Allogenic Controls on Sedimentation | p. 73 |
Significance of Allogenic Controls | p. 73 |
Signatures of Allogenic Controls | p. 75 |
Relative Importance of Allogenic Controls | p. 76 |
Sediment Supply and Energy Flux | p. 77 |
Sediment Supply | p. 77 |
Sediment Supply vs. Environmental Energy Flux | p. 78 |
Sediment Accommodation | p. 81 |
Definitions-Accommodation, Base Level, and Fluvial Graded Profiles | p. 81 |
Proxies for Base Level and Accommodation | p. 84 |
Changes in Accommodation | p. 86 |
Shoreline Trajectories | p. 89 |
Definitions | p. 89 |
Transgressions | p. 92 |
Forced Regressions | p. 97 |
Normal Regressions | p. 101 |
Stratigraphic Surfaces | |
Introduction | p. 105 |
Types of Stratal Terminations | p. 106 |
Sequence Stratigraphic Surfaces | p. 109 |
Subaerial Unconformity | p. 112 |
Correlative Conformity | p. 119 |
Basal Surface of Forced Regression | p. 123 |
Regressive Surface of Marine Erosion | p. 127 |
Maximum Regressive Surface | p. 135 |
Maximum Flooding Surface | p. 142 |
Transgressive Ravinement Surfaces | p. 147 |
Wave-Ravinement Surface | p. 149 |
Tidal-Ravinement Surface | p. 151 |
Within-Trend Facies Contacts | p. 153 |
Within-trend Normal Regressive Surface | p. 153 |
Within-trend Forced Regressive Surface | p. 157 |
Within-trend Flooding Surface | p. 159 |
Systems Tracts | |
Introduction | p. 165 |
Highstand Systems Tract | p. 171 |
Definition and Stacking Patterns | p. 171 |
Economic Potential | p. 176 |
Petroleum Plays | p. 176 |
Coal Resources | p. 177 |
Placer Deposits | p. 178 |
Falling-Stage Systems Tract | p. 178 |
Definition and Stacking Patterns | p. 178 |
Economic Potential | p. 189 |
Petroleum Plays | p. 189 |
Coal Resources | p. 193 |
Placer Deposits | p. 194 |
Lowstand Systems Tract | p. 197 |
Definition and Stacking Patterns | p. 197 |
Economic Potential | p. 203 |
Petroleum Plays | p. 203 |
Coal Resources | p. 204 |
Placer Deposits | p. 204 |
Transgressive Systems Tract | p. 205 |
Definition and Stacking Patterns | p. 205 |
Economic Potential | p. 215 |
Petroleum Plays | p. 215 |
Coal Resources | p. 218 |
Placer Deposits | p. 219 |
Regressive Systems Tract | p. 219 |
Definition and Stacking Patterns | p. 219 |
Economic Potential | p. 222 |
Low- and High-Accommodation Systems Tracts | p. 222 |
Definition and Stacking Patterns | p. 222 |
Low-Accommodation Systems Tract | p. 223 |
High-Accommodation Systems Tract | p. 227 |
Discussion | p. 229 |
Economic Potential | p. 232 |
Petroleum Plays | p. 233 |
Coal Resources | p. 233 |
Placer Deposits | p. 233 |
Sequence Models | |
Introduction | p. 235 |
Types of Stratigraphic Sequences | p. 237 |
Depositional Sequence | p. 237 |
Genetic Stratigraphic Sequence | p. 240 |
Transgressive-Regressive (T-R) Sequence | p. 241 |
Parasequences | p. 243 |
Sequences in Fluvial Systems | p. 246 |
Introduction | p. 246 |
Fluvial Cyclicity Controlled by Base-level Changes | p. 248 |
Fluvial Cyclicity Independent of Base-level Changes | p. 250 |
Climatic Cycles | p. 251 |
Tectonic Cycles | p. 252 |
Low- vs. High-Accommodation Settings | p. 253 |
Sequences in Coastal to Shallow-Water Clastic Systems | p. 253 |
Introduction | p. 253 |
Physical Processes | p. 254 |
Sediment Supply and Transport Mechanisms | p. 254 |
Zonation of the Coastal-Shallow-marine Profile | p. 256 |
Sediment Budget: Fairweather vs. Storm Conditions | p. 260 |
Cyclicity of Coastal to Shallow-water Systems in Relation to Shoreline Shifts | p. 260 |
Normal Regressive Settings | p. 260 |
Forced Regressive Settings | p. 260 |
Transgressive Settings | p. 261 |
Summary | p. 261 |
Sequences in Deep-Water Clastic Systems | p. 262 |
Introduction | p. 262 |
Physical Processes | p. 263 |
Progradation of Shelf-edge Deltas | p. 263 |
Gravity Flows | p. 265 |
Depositional Elements | p. 266 |
Submarine-canyon Fills | p. 267 |
Turbidity-flow Channel Fills | p. 267 |
Turbidity-flow Levees and Overbank Sediment Waves | p. 270 |
Turbidity-flow Splay Complexes | p. 271 |
Mudflow (Cohesive Debris Flow) Macroforms | p. 273 |
Cyclicity of Deep-water Systems in Relation to Shoreline Shifts | p. 276 |
Highstand Normal Regressions | p. 276 |
Early Forced Regressions | p. 276 |
Late Forced Regressions | p. 276 |
Lowstand Normal Regressions | p. 277 |
Early Transgressions | p. 277 |
Late Transgressions | p. 278 |
Summary | p. 278 |
Sequences in Carbonate Systems | p. 279 |
Introduction | p. 279 |
The Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphic Model | p. 282 |
Drowning Unconformities | p. 283 |
Highstand Systems Tracts | p. 283 |
Falling-stage-Lowstand Systems Tracts | p. 285 |
Transgressive Systems Tracts | p. 285 |
Discussion: Sequence Boundaries in Carbonate Successions | p. 287 |
Time Attributes of Stratigraphic Surfaces | |
Introduction | p. 291 |
Reference Curve for the Definition of Stratigraphic Surfaces | p. 292 |
Shoreline Shifts, Grading, and Bathymetry | p. 294 |
Controls on Sediment Grading and Water-depth Changes | p. 294 |
Discussion | p. 303 |
Methods of Definition of Stratigraphic Surfaces | p. 308 |
Introduction | p. 308 |
Correlative Conformities | p. 308 |
Onset-of-fall Correlative Conformity | p. 308 |
End-of-fall Correlative Conformity | p. 309 |
Maximum Regressive and Maximum Flooding Surfaces | p. 310 |
Definition | p. 310 |
Two-dimensional Model | p. 311 |
Model Results | p. 312 |
Strike Variability | p. 314 |
Discussion | p. 314 |
Summary: Time Attributes of Stratigraphic Surfaces | p. 319 |
Subaerial Unconformity | p. 319 |
Correlative Conformity | p. 322 |
Basal Surface of Forced Regression | p. 322 |
Regressive Surface of Marine Erosion | p. 322 |
Maximum Regressive Surface | p. 323 |
Maximum Flooding Surface | p. 323 |
Transgressive Ravinement Surfaces | p. 324 |
Within-trend Facies Contacts | p. 324 |
Conclusions | p. 325 |
Hierarchy of Sequences and Sequence Boundaries | |
Introduction | p. 327 |
Hierarchy System Based on Cycle Duration (Boundary Frequency) | p. 329 |
Hierarchy System Based on the Magnitude of Base-Level Changes | p. 330 |
Discussion | p. 332 |
Discussion and Conclusions | |
Fundamental Principles | p. 335 |
Scope and Applications | p. 335 |
The Importance of Shoreline Shifts | p. 336 |
Theory vs. Reality in Sequence Stratigraphy | p. 337 |
The Importance of the Tectonic Setting | p. 338 |
Uses and Abuses in Sequence Stratigraphy | p. 339 |
Precambrian vs. Phanerozoic Sequence Stratigraphy | p. 339 |
Moving Forward Toward Standardizing Sequence Stratigraphy | p. 340 |
Concluding Remarks | p. 342 |
References | p. 345 |
Author Index | p. 361 |
Subject Index | p. 369 |
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9780444515681
ISBN-10: 0444515682
Series: Developments in Sedimentology
Published: 7th April 2006
Format: Hardcover
Language: English
Number of Pages: 388
Audience: Professional and Scholarly
Publisher: Elsevier
Country of Publication: GB
Dimensions (cm): 27.9 x 21.0 x 2.54
Weight (kg): 1.38
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