Principles of International Investment Law

I. History, Sources, and Nature of International Investment Law 1: The history of international investment law 2: The sources of international investment law 3: The nature of international investment law II. Interpretation and Intertemporal Application of Investment Treaties 1: The interpretation of investment treaties 2: The application of investment treaties in time III. Investor 1: Private foreign investors 2: Nationality of individuals 3: Nationality of corporations 4: A local company as a foreign investor 5: Nationality planning 6: Denial of benefits 7: An active investor? IV. Investment 1: Terminology and concept 2: Definitions of investment 3: A general concept of investment? 4: Types of investments 5: The unity of an investment 6: The origin of the investment 7: Investments in the host State's territory 8: Investments in accordance with host State law 9: Indirect investments V. Investment Contracts 1: Types of investment contracts 2: Applicable law 3: Dispute settlement 4: Stabilization clauses 5: Renegotiation and adaptation VI. Admission and Establishment 1: The right to control admission and establishment 2: The move towards economic liberalism 3: Investment promotion 4: The right to admission and the right of establishment 5: Treaty models of admission 6: Performance requirements 7: The inception of an investment VII. Expropriation 1: The object of an expropriation 2: Expropriation as an act of government 3: Indirect expropriation 4: The legality of the expropriation VIII. Standards of Protection 1: Fair and equitable treatment 2: Full protection and security 3: Arbitrary or discriminatory measures 4: National treatment 5: Most-favoured-nation treatment 6: The umbrella clause 7: Effective means 8: Transfer of funds IX. Emergency Situations and Armed Conflicts 1: Competing policies 2: Effects of violence under traditional international law 3: The ILC Articles on state responsibility 4: Treaty law X. Attribution 1: Sources and principles 2: Organs, provinces, and municipalities 3: Exercise of governmental authority 4: Instruction, direction, or control XI. Political Risk Insurance 1: History and purpose 2: Different types of insurance 3: Subrogation 4: Risks covered XII. Settling Investment Disputes 1: State-to-State disputes 2: The limited usefulness of domestic courts 3: Settlement of Investor-State disputes by arbitration and conciliation 4: Arbitration institutions and regimes 5: Investment disputes 6: The parties to investment disputes 7: Consent to investment arbitration 8: Conditions for the institution of proceedings 9: MFN clauses and dispute settlement 10: Treaty claims and contract claims 11: Procedure 12: Applicable law 13: Remedies 14: Costs 15: Review of awards 16: Enforcement of awards