| Preface | p. xiii |
| Plants as the basis of agriculture | p. 1 |
| The importance of plants for mankind | p. 1 |
| What is a plant? | p. 2 |
| The kinds of plants | p. 5 |
| Organization of the angiosperm plant | p. 8 |
| What is a crop? | p. 12 |
| Harnessing of energy by plants: photosynthesis | p. 12 |
| Storage of energy in the plant | p. 21 |
| Extraction of energy from carbohydrate: respiration | p. 22 |
| The balance of photosynthesis and respiration | p. 25 |
| Summary | p. 30 |
| Plants and water | p. 32 |
| Importance of water to the plant | p. 32 |
| Forces causing water to move in plants | p. 34 |
| Ascent of water in the xylem | p. 38 |
| Transpiration - the escape of water from the plant | p. 42 |
| Water stress in plants | p. 48 |
| Water stress and soil moisture supply | p. 52 |
| Summary | p. 60 |
| Plants and minerals | p. 62 |
| Importance of minerals to the plant | p. 62 |
| Supply of minerals in the soil | p. 63 |
| Supply of minerals from the atmosphere | p. 69 |
| Mineral uptake, circulation and loss | p. 70 |
| Deficiency, sufficiency and excess of minerals | p. 73 |
| Summary | p. 80 |
| Plant strength and integrity | p. 82 |
| Structural integrity of plant tissues | p. 82 |
| Distribution of strengthening tissues in plant organs | p. 87 |
| Mechanical stresses on plants | p. 91 |
| Factors affecting the strength of plant support systems | p. 93 |
| Protective tissues of plants | p. 94 |
| Protection from mechanical injury | p. 96 |
| Recovery from breakage or injury | p. 97 |
| The cuticle as a barrier to water movement | p. 98 |
| Thermal injury and its avoidance | p. 99 |
| Protection from invasion by pests and pathogens | p. 103 |
| Protection from herbivorous animals | p. 107 |
| Summary | p. 108 |
| Plant growth and development: seed and seedling | p. 110 |
| The seed | p. 110 |
| Germination | p. 116 |
| Germination and establishment in the field | p. 119 |
| Summary | p. 127 |
| Plant growth and development: the vegetative plant | p. 130 |
| Growth and development of the root system | p. 130 |
| Growth and development of the shoot system | p. 143 |
| Senescence, dormancy and death | p. 154 |
| Summary | p. 157 |
| Plant growth and development: flower, fruit and seed | p. 159 |
| Sexual reproduction in the angiosperm plant | p. 159 |
| Initiation of flowering | p. 164 |
| Structure and function of the flower | p. 168 |
| From pollination to fertilization | p. 177 |
| Seed and fruit development | p. 179 |
| Summary | p. 184 |
| Plant growth and development: environmental effects and internal control | p. 186 |
| Rate of growth | p. 186 |
| Direction of nutrients in growth and development | p. 188 |
| Internal programming of development | p. 191 |
| Natural plant hormones | p. 192 |
| Hormone interactions | p. 196 |
| Environmental cues for development | p. 198 |
| Effects and uses of synthetic growth regulators on crops | p. 202 |
| Summary | p. 206 |
| Plant variation, inheritance and breeding | p. 208 |
| Variation in plants | p. 208 |
| The mechanisms of inheritance | p. 213 |
| Patterns of inheritance in plants | p. 224 |
| Selection in crop breeding | p. 231 |
| Polyploidy | p. 234 |
| Transformation technology | p. 235 |
| Summary | p. 238 |
| Vegetative propagation | p. 241 |
| Natural systems of vegetative propagation | p. 241 |
| Vegetative propagation in agricultural and horticultural practice | p. 244 |
| The genetics of vegetatively propagated crops | p. 254 |
| Summary | p. 255 |
| Crop production and yield | p. 256 |
| Meaning of yield | p. 256 |
| Plant population and crop yield | p. 258 |
| Determination of yield | p. 265 |
| Effects of weeds on crop yield | p. 268 |
| Yield of mixed crops | p. 272 |
| Impact of stress on yield | p. 275 |
| Pre-harvest losses of realized yield | p. 285 |
| Post-harvest yield losses and their control | p. 286 |
| Efficiency of crop production | p. 295 |
| Summary | p. 299 |
| Plants as food | p. 301 |
| Plants in human and animal nutrition | p. 301 |
| Effects of growing conditions on the nutritional quality of plants | p. 314 |
| Acceptability of plant foods | p. 320 |
| Processing and preserving of plant products | p. 324 |
| Toxic constituents of plants and plant products | p. 329 |
| Summary | p. 334 |
| Index | p. 337 |
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