Physics and Chemistry of Electrons and Ions in Condensed Matter

I Properties of Crystalline Materials.- The Effective U in Oxides and in Sulfides: Conceptual Phase Diagrams and their Applications.- 1. Definitions.- 2. Interatomic interactions.- References.- Electron Correlations in Elementary Structures. The Case of Weak Correlations : Metallic and Covalent Bondings.- 1. The H2 molecule.- 2. Other elementary diatomic molecules.- 3. Metallic aggregates.- 4. Macroscopic phases of transition metals.- 5. Aggregates and solids of tetravalent (sp) elements.- 6. Aggregates of covalent dimers.- 7. Weak distortions of metallic closepacked or covalent structures.- Appendixes.- References.- Statistical Thermodynamics of Mixed Valence at Low Temperatures.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The free enthalpy without mixing.- 3. The valence fluctuation temperature.- 4. The free enthalpy with interconfigurational mixing.- 5. Equation of state for the valence fluctuation temperature.- 6. The conduction electron density of states near T=0.- 7. Application to Ce metal.- 8. Acknowledgements.- References.- Mixed Valency in Inorganic Chemistry.- Important Discussion of Part I.- Intermediate Valency (IV) Compounds.- Thermal Expansion and Specific Heat of Mixed Valence Compounds.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Experiments and experimental results.- 3. Discussion.- 4. Acknowledgements.- 5. References.- The Contribution of Solid State Chemistry to Diversification of the Studies on Metal-Insulator Transition.- The Study of Metal to Non-Metal Transitions by High Resolution Electron Spectroscopy.- Electrical Properties of Rutile Type Oxides : Doped TiO2 and RuO2.- Mixed Anion Valencies in Copper Sulfides and Selenides.- Charge Transfer and Exciton Satellites in the Photoelectron Spectra of Transition Metal Compounds.- Direct Determination of Electron Correlation in a Simple Binuclear Complex.- Hall Effect in Vitreous 80 V2O5 - 20 P2O5.- Application of Group Theory to X-Ray Absorption Edge Studies.- On Discrete Symmetry Groups for Systems with an Odd Number of Electrons.- Superconductivity in the BaPb1-xBixO3 System.- II Properties of Amorphous Solids and Liquids.- Electronic Properties of Non-Crystalline Semiconductors.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Structure.- 3. Densities of states and optical properties.- 4. Localized states and mobility edges.- 5. Point defects.- 6. Time-of-flight experiments.- 7. Densities of states in the gap.- 8. Luminescence.- 9. Conclusions.- References.- Thermodynamics of Condensed Ionic Systems.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Screening of interionic forces.- 3. Mixtures with forces screened to short range.- 4. Miscible fused salt - Molecular liquid systems.- 5. Strong unscreened electrical forces.- References.- Transport Properties at the Metal-Insulator Transition in Metal Ammonia Solutions.- 1. Experimental results.- 2. Analysis.- 3. Acknowledgement.- 4. References.- Electrons and Ions in Liquid and Amorphous Metals.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Atomic scale structure.- 3. Dynamical properties.- 4. Electronic structure.- 5, Electronic transport.- 6. Conclusion.- Acknowledgements.- References.- Molten Salts and Liquid Semiconductors : Structure and Electrical Properties.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Liquid semiconductors based on Tellurium.- 3. The method of neutron diffraction with isotopic substitution.- 4. Future prospects.- References.- Structure-Transport Relations in Molten Salts.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Alkali Halides.- 3. Silver Halides.- Acknowledgement.- References.- Important Discussion of Part II.- EXAFS Study of the Structure of Molten CuCl.- Bonding at Bulk and Defect Sites in Amorphous Semiconductors.- Regular Rings in Glasses.- Size Effects in Semiconductors.- Photoinduced Changes in Amorphous Chalcogens.- III Metal to Insulator Transitions.- Metal Insulator Transitions.- Magnetism and Magnetic Resonance Across the Metal-Nonmetal Transition.- 1. Preamble.- 2. The metal-nonmetal transition: global considerations.- 3. A survey of magnetic properties: microscopic considerations.- 4. Concluding remarks.- Acknowledgements.- References.- X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy across the Metal to Non-metal Transition.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Solvation across the metal to insulator transition.- 3. Structure and thermodynamic relations.- 4. Discussion.- References.- Appendix with Applications.- Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry of Sodium-Ammonia Solutions and of Solvated Electrons in Ammonia.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Thermodynamics of sodium ammonia solutions.- 3. Thermodynamics of solvated electrons in ammonia.- 4. Absolute electrode potentials.- 5. Electrode potential determining particle.- 6. Thermodynamics of solvated electrons in water.- 7. A new phase instability in sodium ammonia solutions.- 8. Solid Na(NH3)3 - An expanded metal.- 9. Delocalized and localized electrons in polar vapors.- 10. Lithium isotope separations.- References.- Solvated Electrons.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Basic observations.- 3. Theory.- 4. Further observations.- 5. Final remarks.- 6. Acknowledgements.- 7. References.- Phase Separation in Expanded Metallic Liquids.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The critical point of pure metals.- 3. Metallic solutions near the critical point of an almost pure solvent.- References.- Important Discussion of Part III.- The Properties of Doped Liquid Iodine Melts.- Low Frequency Dielectric Constant and Electrical Conductivity of Dense Mercury Vapour.- Transport Properties of Chloride and Fluoride Glass-Forming Melts, Its Relationship with Coordination Numbers.- IV Low Dimensional Materials (LDS).- IV-I Two Dimensional - LDS.- Electronic Properties of Intercalate Complexes of Layer Type Transition Metal Dichalcogenides.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Intercalation with organic molecules and related compounds.- 3. Intercalation with alkali metal atoms.- 4. Intercalation with "3d" transition metals.- 5. Practical applications.- References.- Band Structure and Optical Properties of Layer Compounds.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The atomic orbital approach.- 3. Consequence of the trigonal distortion.- 4. Anisotropy in transport properties.- 5. Fermi surface nesting and charge density waves.- 6. Optical properties.- 7. Conclusion.- References.- LDS Intercalation with Donor and Acceptor Molecules.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Analysis of results.- 3. Discussion of results.- 4. Future and application of intercalation studies.- 5. Physical significance and possible extensions of this work.- Appendix: Phase Transitions Produced by Intercalation.- Physico-Chemical Aspects of Intercalation Phenomena.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Graphite intercalates.- 3. Shegt silicates.- 4. Nax(x-1)+ species intercalated with zeolitic hosts.- 5. WO3-based hosts.- 6. New techniques.- References.- Important Discussion of Part IV-I.- Ag Intercalation of TiS2.- Transport and Raman Investigation of the Group IV Layered Compounds and their Lithium Intercalates.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Experimental details.- 3. Transport properties.- 4. Discussion.- 5. Raman investigation.- 6. Conclusions.- References.- Ion-Electron Interaction and Intercalation Induced Semiconductor to Metal Transition in the Intercalated Dichalcogenide LixZrSe2.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Samples.- 3. Semiconductor to metal transition.- 4. Ion ordering and ion-electron interaction.- 5. Conclusion.- Acknowledgements.- References.- Charge Density Waves in the Mo Bronzes : CDW Transport in One Dimensional K0.30MoO3 and CDW Instability in Two-Dimensional K0.9Mo6O17.- A Survey of the Origins of Incommensurate Behaviour and of New Materials Illuminating the CDW Field.- Intercalation of Tetrathiafulvalene and Related Molecules into FeC1.- A Graphite Intercalation Compound as Applied to Battery Electrode Materials.- IV - 2 Organic Conductors.- Conducting Organic Solids.- Organic Superconductors : Quasi-One-Dimensional Conductors, Anomalous Superconductors, Promising Materials.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Electronic properties.- 3. An other plausible interpretation.- References.- Electronic Properties of Conjugated Polymers.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Materials.- 3. Band and defect models.- 4. Polyacetylene - Experimental results.- 5. Other polymers.- 6. Conclusion.- Acknowledgements.- References.- Important Discussion of Part IV-2.- Unusual Electronic Soliton States of the Infinite Polyyne Chain -(C = C)-x.- A Narrow Window for Superconductivity in Organic Conductors.- Properties of Organic Salts of TMTSF and TMTTF.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Role of the Hubbard U.- 3. Anion ordering.- 4. Conclusion.- Acknowledgements.- References.- The Effects of Oxidation on the Electrical Properties of Organic Conjugated Polymers.- I. Introduction.- 2. Results and discussion.- References.- Anisotropy of Thermopower in MEM(TCNQ)2.- IV - 3 Inversion Layers.- Localisation and Interaction Effects in the 2D Electron Gas of the Silicon Inversion Layer.- Important Discussion of Part IV - 3.- The Effects of Hydrogen on MOS Structures.- Transport Theory for High-Resistivity Conductors.- XPS Investigation of the Electronic Structure of Highly Dispersed MnO on Carbon Foil.- Angle Resolved Photoemission and Secondary Electron Emission Study of Single Crystal Graphite.- IV - 4 Fast Ionic Conductors.- Fast Ionic Conduction in Solids.- Phenomenology.- Solid-solution electrodes.- Solid electrolytes.- References.- What Factors May Increase Superionic Conductivity?.- List of Participants.- Author Index.