Introduction | p. XI |
An Earthquake Early Warning System for the Romanian Capital | p. 1 |
Abstract | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Examples and Design Principles | p. 2 |
Design of an EWS for Bucharest | p. 4 |
Cost-Benefit Analysis | p. 9 |
A New Paradigm for Early Warning Systems | p. 10 |
Conclusions | p. 11 |
Acknowledgements | p. 11 |
References | p. 11 |
A Combined Geophysical/Engineering Approach for the Seismic Safety of Long-Span Bridges | p. 13 |
Abstract | p. 13 |
Introduction | p. 13 |
Assessment of Site Effects | p. 15 |
Data Acquisition | p. 15 |
Data Analysis | p. 16 |
Results | p. 16 |
Ground Motion Scenarios | p. 18 |
Vulnerability Assessment of Bridges | p. 22 |
Modelling | p. 22 |
Resonance Frequencies | p. 23 |
Dynamic Simulations | p. 26 |
Conclusions | p. 28 |
Acknowledgements | p. 29 |
References | p. 29 |
Finite-Difference Simulations of the 1927 Jericho Earthquake | p. 31 |
Abstract | p. 31 |
Introduction | p. 31 |
Earthquake Scenarios | p. 35 |
Elastic and Computational Modeling Parameters | p. 36 |
Discussion | p. 38 |
Peak Ground Velocities | p. 38 |
Spectral Accelerations | p. 40 |
Summary | p. 43 |
Acknowledgements | p. 44 |
References | p. 44 |
Nonlinear Seismology - The Seismology of the XXI Century | p. 47 |
Abstract | p. 47 |
Introduction | p. 48 |
Geotechnical Evidence for Nonlinear Soil Behaviour | p. 48 |
Constitutive and Dynamic Equations. Approximate Solutions of Wave Equations | p. 51 |
Approximate Solutions of Wave Equations | p. 52 |
Nonlinear SH Plane Waves Incident to a Solid-Solid Interface | p. 53 |
Quantitative Evaluation of Nonlinearity | p. 57 |
The Definition of the Spectral Amplification Factor (SAF) | p. 58 |
Spectral Amplification Factors for Recent Strong Vrancea Earthquakes | p. 59 |
Discussion | p. 63 |
Conclusions | p. 65 |
Acknowledgements | p. 66 |
References | p. 66 |
Small-Scale Mantle Plumes: Imaging and Geodynamic Aspects | p. 69 |
Abstract | p. 69 |
Introduction | p. 70 |
Mantle Plumes | p. 71 |
Observations | p. 76 |
Eifel Plume | p. 78 |
Seismological Anatomy | p. 78 |
Excess Temperature and Buoyancy Flow | p. 84 |
Comparison with Massif Central and Hawaii | p. 87 |
Consequences and Discussion | p. 88 |
Origin and Ascent | p. 88 |
Scales of Plumes | p. 89 |
Future Perspectives | p. 90 |
Acknowledgements | p. 91 |
References | p. 91 |
Structure of the Upper Mantle Beneath Northern Eurasia Derived from Russian Deep-Seismic PNE Profiles | p. 95 |
Abstract | p. 95 |
Introduction: PNE Deep Seismic Sounding in Russia | p. 96 |
The Upper Mantle Discontinuities at 660 and 520 km Depth | p. 98 |
High-Frequency Scattering in the Uppermost Mantle | p. 104 |
Acknowledgements | p. 109 |
References | p. 110 |
True Amplitudes: A Challenge in Reflection Seismology | p. 115 |
Abstract | p. 115 |
Introduction | p. 115 |
Theory | p. 118 |
The True-Amplitude Weight Function | p. 120 |
Example | p. 122 |
Conclusions | p. 125 |
Acknowledgements | p. 125 |
References | p. 125 |
Imaging of Orebodies with Vertical Seismic Profiling Data | p. 127 |
Abstract | p. 127 |
Introduction | p. 128 |
Description of the Problem | p. 130 |
Scattering of the Elastic Wavefield | p. 131 |
Spatial Ambiguity | p. 132 |
Using Polarisation Information | p. 133 |
A Synthetic Data Example | p. 135 |
A Real Data Example | p. 138 |
Conclusions | p. 140 |
Acknowledgement | p. 142 |
References | p. 142 |
The Dead Sea Fault and Its Effect on Civilization | p. 145 |
Abstract | p. 145 |
Introduction | p. 146 |
Crustal Structure | p. 146 |
Evolution of Physiography | p. 150 |
Ancient Hominids Out of Africa | p. 152 |
Seismicity Along the Dead Sea Fault | p. 154 |
Paleoseismic Record | p. 156 |
Historical and Archeological Earthquake Record | p. 158 |
Instrumental Record | p. 160 |
Patterns of Seismicity | p. 160 |
Example: Jericho | p. 161 |
Discussion | p. 162 |
Acknowledgements | p. 163 |
References | p. 163 |
Velocity Field of the Aegean-Anatolian Region from 3D Finite Element Models | p. 169 |
Abstract | p. 169 |
Introduction | p. 170 |
Tectonic Development of the Eastern Mediterranean | p. 171 |
Geophysical, Geological and Geodetic Observations | p. 172 |
Model Geometry | p. 174 |
Model Assumptions and Boundary Conditions | p. 174 |
Model Rheology and Material Properties | p. 176 |
Model Results | p. 177 |
Model 1 with Linear Newton Viscosity | p. 178 |
Model 2 and 3 with Non-linear Viscosity | p. 179 |
Discussion and Conclusions | p. 181 |
Acknowledgments | p. 184 |
References | p. 184 |
Monitoring of Slab Detachment in the Carpathians | p. 187 |
Abstract | p. 187 |
Introduction | p. 188 |
Tectonic Overview | p. 190 |
Geophysical Data | p. 191 |
Seismicity | p. 192 |
Geodynamic Model | p. 194 |
Kinematic Gravity Modelling | p. 196 |
Conclusions | p. 199 |
Acknowledgements | p. 200 |
References | p. 200 |
Modelling of Descending Slab Evolution Beneath the SE-Carpathians: Implications for Seismicity | p. 203 |
Abstract | p. 203 |
Introduction: Vrancea Seismicity and Geodynamics | p. 204 |
Shear Stress Evolution Induced by the Descending Vrancea Slab - A Corner Flow Model | p. 207 |
Past, Present and Future of the Vrancea Slab Inferred from Numerical Models | p. 211 |
Model Description | p. 212 |
Evolution of the Descending Slab from the Late Miocene to the Present | p. 215 |
Evolution of the Descending Slab after Slab Break-Off | p. 218 |
Discussion and Conclusions | p. 220 |
Acknowledgements | p. 221 |
References | p. 222 |
List of Reviewers | p. 225 |
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