Perennial Weeds

Preface.

PART ONE: INTRODUCTION.

1. Characteristics of Perennial Weeds.

2. Control of Perennial Weeds.

PART TWO: Perennial Grass Weeds Reproducing from Buds on Creeping Rhizomes.

3. Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense).

4. Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens; previously Agropyrons repens).

PART THREE: Perennial Grass Weeds Reproducing from Buds on Creeping Rhizomes and Stolons.

5. Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon).

PART FOUR: Grasslike Perennial Weeds.

A. Creeping Perennials Reproducing from Buds on Tubers.

6. Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus).

Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus).

B. Noncreeping Perennials Reproducing from Bulbs.

7. Wild Garlic (Allium vineale).

Wild Onion (Allium Canadense).

PART FIVE: Simple Perennial Broadleaved Weeds Reproducing from Taproots and/or Root Crowns (Caudexes).

8. Dandelion (Taraxacum Officinale).

9. Curly Dock (Rumex crispus).

10. Broadleaf Plantain (Plantago major).

Buckhorn Plantain (Plantago Ianceolata).

Blackseed Plantain (Plantago Rugelli).

PART SIX: Perennial Broadleaved Weeds Reproducing from Buds on Creeping, Horizontal Roots.

11. Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense).

12. Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca).

13. Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis).

14. Hemp Dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum).

15. Hoary Cress (Cardaria draba).

Lens-podded Whitetop (Cardaria chalepensis).

Globe-podded Whitetop (Cardaria pubescens).

16. Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense).

Silverleaf Nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium).

17. Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula).

18. Red Sorrel (Rumex acetosella).

PART SEVEN: Perennial Broadleaved Weeds Reproducing from Buds on Creeping, Horizontal Rhizomes.

19. Stinging Nettle (Urtica Dioica).

20. Western Ironweed (Vernonia baldwinii).

PART EIGHT: Perennial Broadleaved Weeds Reproducing from Aerial Runners, Stolons, or Creeping Rhizomes.

21. Ground Ivy (Glechoma hederacea).

22. Creeping Woodsorrel(Oxalis corniculata).

Yellow Woodsorrel (Oxalis stricta).

Appendix.

Table 1. Root Systems of simple perennial weeds.

Table 2. Perennial weeds that spread by creeping roots.

Table 3. Perennial Weeds that spread by rhizomes.

Table 4. Perennial weeds that spread by means other than roots or rhizomes.

Table 5 . Selected Perennial Weeds identified by common and scientific names and grouped as grasses, herbaceous broadleafs, vines, and woody plants.

Glossary.

Index.