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In this book, Professor Holsti approaches the study of the origins of war and the foundations of peace from a new perspective. He asks three interrelated questions. Which issues generate conflict? How have attitudes toward war changed? And, what attempts have been made historically to create international institutions and orders that can manage, control or prevent international conflicts? Starting with the peace treaties of Munster and Osnabruck of 1648, Kalevi Holsti examines 177 international wars. Through these, he identifies the variety of conflict-producing issues and how they, as well as the attitudes of policy makers to the use of force, have changed over the past 350 years. He demonstrates how the new orders established by the great peace-making efforts of 1648, 1713, 1815, 1919 and 1945 attempted to solve the issues of the past, yet few successfully anticipated those of the future. Indeed, some created the basis of new conflicts.
'... this book is an important contribution that will be useful to both students and colleagues. It is clearly organized and eminently readable. The scale of it forces one to think across a broad sweep of history, and to consider some key-scale trends.' International Affairs
| List of figures | p. xii |
| List of tables | p. xiii |
| Preface | p. xv |
| On the Study of War | p. 1 |
| Explanatory configurations | p. 3 |
| The promises and pitfalls of ecological variables | p. 6 |
| The meanings of war | p. 9 |
| What men fight about: issues and international conflict | p. 12 |
| A map of a map | p. 16 |
| Defining issues | p. 17 |
| Data sources: geographical and temporal domains | p. 20 |
| Attitudes toward war | p. 21 |
| Issues, war, and peace: creating international orders | p. 21 |
| Munster and Osnabruck, 1648: Peace by Pieces | p. 25 |
| The Thirty Years War | p. 26 |
| Planning for peace | p. 29 |
| Negotiations at Munster and Osnabruck | p. 32 |
| Outcomes | p. 34 |
| A new order for Europe? | p. 37 |
| War and Peace in the Era of the Heroic Warriors, 1648-1713 | p. 43 |
| Issues that generated wars | p. 46 |
| Attitudes to war | p. 63 |
| Act Two of the Hegemony Drama: The Utrecht Settlements | p. 71 |
| The British "Plan" | p. 73 |
| Outcomes | p. 76 |
| Analysis | p. 79 |
| The Lethal Minuet: War and Peace Among the Princes of Christendom, 1715-1814 | p. 83 |
| Issues that generated wars | p. 87 |
| War in the post-Utrecht international system | p. 102 |
| The meaning of war | p. 105 |
| The problem of peace | p. 111 |
| Peace Through Equilibrium: the Settlements of 1814-1815 | p. 114 |
| Diagnoses | p. 116 |
| Solutions | p. 119 |
| Forging the settlement | p. 127 |
| Allied unity unraveled: defining threats to peace | p. 130 |
| Assessment | p. 132 |
| Conflict and Consent, 1815-1914 | p. 138 |
| War and intervention in Concert Europe | p. 139 |
| New war-generating issues | p. 145 |
| Old and declining issues | p. 150 |
| The character of war preparation | p. 156 |
| The meaning of war | p. 158 |
| The problem of peace | p. 164 |
| Nation-state creation and system breakdown | p. 169 |
| 1919: Peace Through Democracy and Convenant | p. 175 |
| Woodrow Wilson: the moral-political universe | p. 181 |
| Replacing the old with the new: the moral and political foundations of enduring peace | p. 184 |
| The political foundations of the new international order: democracy, covenants, and arms control | p. 185 |
| Peace through a preponderance of power: Clemenceau | p. 189 |
| Peace through conflict resolution mechanisms: the British contribution | p. 194 |
| Paris 1919: the importance of preliminaries and procedures | p. 196 |
| The drama of the League of Nations Commission | p. 199 |
| The German settlement | p. 205 |
| Evaluation | p. 208 |
| War Ah Thk Aptrrmath of Prace: International Confl.ICT, 1918-1941 | p. 213 |
| Issues that generated wars, 1918-1941 | p. 217 |
| Attitudes toward war | p. 228 |
| Peace by Policing | p. 243 |
| Wilson revisited and revised: the United States | p. 245 |
| Balance of power: Great Britain and the postwar order | p. 251 |
| Security through expansion: Stalin and the postwar order | p. 254 |
| Changing American conceptions of international security | p. 264 |
| Dealing with issues: past and future in international organization | p. 267 |
| The Diversification of Warfare: Issues and Attitudes in the Contemporary International System | p. 271 |
| The issues | p. 284 |
| Attitudes toward war | p. 285 |
| War: Issues, Attitudes, and Explanations | p. 306 |
| Territory | p. 307 |
| Nation-state creation and war | p. 311 |
| Ideology and war | p. 311 |
| Economics and war | p. 314 |
| Human sympathy: ethnicity, religion, and war | p. 317 |
| Predation and survival | p. 318 |
| Remaining issues | p. 319 |
| Issues of the future | p. 324 |
| Attitudes and war | p. 325 |
| Issues, war, and international theory | p. 328 |
| The Peacemakers: Issues and International Order | p. 335 |
| The prerequisites for peace | p. 336 |
| Peacemaking and international order: a comparison | p. 340 |
| The peacemakers: theories of peace | p. 348 |
| References | p. 354 |
| Additional data sources | p. 368 |
| Index | p. 371 |
| Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9780521399296
ISBN-10: 0521399297
Series: Cambridge Studies in International Relations
Audience:
Professional
Format:
Paperback
Language:
English
Number Of Pages: 400
Published: 1st July 1991
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Country of Publication: GB
Dimensions (cm): 22.8 x 15.2
x 2.5
Weight (kg): 0.54
