| Foreword to the First Edition | p. xi |
| Foreword to the Second Edition | p. xv |
| Background Information | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 3 |
| Olive and Oil Production Statistics | p. 3 |
| Olive Growing and Environmental Effects | p. 8 |
| The Problem of Olive Processing Wastes | p. 9 |
| Current Practices for Olive Processing Waste Management | p. 14 |
| Spain | p. 14 |
| Italy | p. 15 |
| Greece | p. 15 |
| Turkey | p. 16 |
| Tunisia | p. 17 |
| Portugal | p. 17 |
| France | p. 17 |
| Cyprus | p. 18 |
| Croatia | p. 18 |
| Malta | p. 18 |
| Terminology | p. 19 |
| Reviews in the Prior Art | p. 19 |
| Characterization of Olive Processing Waste | p. 23 |
| The Olive Fruit | p. 23 |
| Olive By-Products | p. 24 |
| Pruning and Harvest Residues | p. 24 |
| Types of Olive-Mill Extraction By-Products | p. 28 |
| Experimental Techniques | p. 51 |
| Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) | p. 53 |
| Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) | p. 53 |
| Total Organic Nitrogen | p. 53 |
| Total Organic Carbon (TOC) | p. 53 |
| Lipid Characterization | p. 53 |
| Total Carbohydrate Characterization | p. 53 |
| Phenol Characterization | p. 54 |
| Determination of Partition Coefficient (K[subscript p]) | p. 60 |
| Analysis of Metal Cations and Inorganic Anions | p. 60 |
| Antioxidant Activity | p. 61 |
| Identification of Bacteria | p. 63 |
| Animal Feed Analysis | p. 63 |
| Environmental Effects | p. 65 |
| Effects on Soil | p. 65 |
| Effects on Soil Physical Properties | p. 66 |
| Effects on Soil Chemical Properties | p. 68 |
| Effects on Soil Biological Properties | p. 73 |
| Effects on Water | p. 77 |
| Effects on Atmosphere | p. 80 |
| The Effect of Olive-Mill Technology | p. 83 |
| Evolution of Production Methods | p. 83 |
| Crushing | p. 84 |
| Pressing | p. 87 |
| Oil Separation | p. 91 |
| Olive Oil Production Systems | p. 92 |
| Pressing Process (Traditional or Classical System) | p. 95 |
| Centrifugation | p. 96 |
| Stone-Removing Process | p. 101 |
| Percolation (Selective Filtering) | p. 102 |
| Electrophoresis | p. 103 |
| Chemical Separation | p. 104 |
| Treatment Processes | p. 105 |
| Physical Processes | p. 107 |
| Dilution | p. 107 |
| Sedimentation/Settling | p. 108 |
| Flotation | p. 109 |
| Centrifugation | p. 110 |
| Filtration | p. 112 |
| Membrane Technology (Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration, and Reverse Osmosis) | p. 113 |
| Thermal Processes | p. 123 |
| Physico-Thermal Processes | p. 123 |
| Evaporation/Distillation | p. 123 |
| Drying | p. 129 |
| Irreversible Thermo-Chemical Processes | p. 131 |
| Combustion | p. 131 |
| Pyrolysis | p. 133 |
| Lagooning | p. 135 |
| Physico-Chemical Processes | p. 139 |
| Neutralization | p. 139 |
| Precipitation/Flocculation | p. 140 |
| Inorganic Flocculants | p. 142 |
| Organic Flocculants | p. 147 |
| Adsorption | p. 151 |
| Chemical Oxidation Processes | p. 154 |
| Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) | p. 156 |
| Wet Oxidation | p. 163 |
| Electro-Chemical Oxidation | p. 164 |
| Ion Exchange | p. 168 |
| Biological Processes | p. 171 |
| Anaerobic Processes | p. 171 |
| Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactor | p. 174 |
| Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) | p. 175 |
| Combinations and Comparisons Among Various Reactors | p. 176 |
| Co-Digestion | p. 180 |
| Conclusions Regarding Anaerobic Bioreactors | p. 182 |
| Landfills | p. 184 |
| Aerobic Processes | p. 185 |
| Attached-Growth (Biofilm, Fixed-Film) | p. 185 |
| Suspended-Growth | p. 188 |
| Conclusions Regarding Aerobic Bioreactors | p. 192 |
| Use of Specific Aerobic Microorganisms | p. 192 |
| Aerobic-Anaerobic Processes | p. 203 |
| Composting | p. 204 |
| Phytoremediation (Wetlands) | p. 210 |
| Irrigation of Agricultural Land/Land Spreading | p. 214 |
| Combined and Miscellaneous Processes | p. 219 |
| Utilization | p. 233 |
| Uses | p. 235 |
| Use as Fertilizer/Soil Conditioner | p. 238 |
| Use as Herbicide/Pesticide | p. 245 |
| Use in Animal Feeding and Human Consumption | p. 250 |
| Recovery of Residual Oil | p. 255 |
| Recovery of Organic Compounds | p. 258 |
| Pectins | p. 258 |
| Antioxidants | p. 259 |
| Enzymes | p. 271 |
| Production of Various Products | p. 272 |
| Alcohols | p. 272 |
| Biosurfactants | p. 274 |
| Biopolymers | p. 276 |
| Activated Carbons | p. 277 |
| Generation of Energy | p. 278 |
| Miscellaneous | p. 289 |
| Table Olives | p. 293 |
| Table Olives | p. 295 |
| Introduction | p. 295 |
| Characterization of Table Olive Processing Waste | p. 298 |
| Effect of Table Olive Processing | p. 302 |
| Environmental Effects | p. 304 |
| Physical Processes | p. 305 |
| Thermal Processes | p. 307 |
| Physico-Chemical Processes | p. 309 |
| Flocculation/Adsorption | p. 309 |
| Chemical Oxidation Processes | p. 310 |
| Biological Processes | p. 312 |
| Combined and Miscellaneous Processes | p. 314 |
| Uses | p. 318 |
| Economic and Legislative Overview | p. 321 |
| Economic Evaluation | p. 323 |
| Legislative Aspects and Environmental Policies | p. 329 |
| EU Policies | p. 329 |
| The Case of Italy | p. 330 |
| Proposals | p. 332 |
| Supplement | p. 333 |
| Major EU Research Projects | p. 335 |
| Databases | p. 337 |
| International Organizations | p. 339 |
| National Associations/Institutions/Research Laboratories | p. 341 |
| Bibliography | p. 343 |
| Literature | p. 343 |
| Patents | p. 409 |
| Glossary | p. 441 |
| Index | p. 459 |
| List of Authors | p. 475 |
| List of Patents | p. 495 |
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