| Published titles in Topics in Geobiology Book Series | p. ii |
| Aims & Scope Topics in Geobiology Book Series | p. v |
| Dedication | p. vii |
| Preface | p. ix |
| Contributors | p. xv |
| The Proterozoic Fossil Record of Heterotrophic Eukaryotes | |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Eukaryotic Tree | p. 2 |
| Fossil Evidence for Proterozoic Heterotrophs | p. 4 |
| Opisthokonts | p. 4 |
| Amoebozoans | p. 5 |
| Chromalveolates | p. 7 |
| Rhizarians | p. 9 |
| Excavates | p. 10 |
| Summary | p. 10 |
| Why are Heterotrophs Rare in Proterozoic Rocks? | p. 12 |
| Conclusions | p. 14 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 15 |
| References | p. 15 |
| On the Morphological History of Proterozoic and Cambrian Acritarchs | |
| Introduction | p. 24 |
| Materials and Methods | p. 25 |
| Materials | p. 25 |
| Body Size Analysis | p. 28 |
| Morphological Disparity Analysis | p. 29 |
| Dissimilarity | p. 29 |
| Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling | p. 30 |
| Results | p. 31 |
| Body Size | p. 31 |
| Morphological Disparity | p. 33 |
| Dissimilarity | p. 33 |
| Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling | p. 35 |
| Discussion | p. 39 |
| Comparative Histories of Morphological Disparity and Taxonomic Diversity | p. 39 |
| Linking Morphological Disparity with Geological and Biological Revolutions | p. 40 |
| Morphological Constraints, Convergence, and Nutrient Stress in the Mesoproterozoic | p. 40 |
| Neoproterozoic Global Glaciations | p. 41 |
| Ediacara Organisms | p. 43 |
| Cambrian Explosion of Animals | p. 44 |
| Conclusions | p. 45 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 45 |
| References | p. 46 |
| SAS/IML Codes | p. 53 |
| On the Morphological and Ecological History of Proterozoic Macroalgae | |
| Introduction | p. 57 |
| A Synopsis of Proterozoic Macroalgal Fossils | p. 60 |
| Morphological History of Proterozoic Macroalgae | p. 67 |
| Narrative Description | p. 67 |
| Quantitative Analysis: Morphospace, Body Size, and Surface/Volume Ratio | p. 70 |
| Methods | p. 70 |
| Results | p. 74 |
| Discussion | p. 75 |
| Comparison with Acritarch Morphological History | p. 75 |
| Surface/Volume Ratio | p. 77 |
| Maximum Canopy Height | p. 80 |
| Ecological Interactions with Animals | p. 80 |
| Conclusions | p. 82 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 83 |
| References | p. 83 |
| Evolutionary Paleoecology of Ediacaran Benthic Marine Animals | |
| Introduction | p. 91 |
| A Mat-Based World | p. 92 |
| Nature of the Data | p. 95 |
| Geology and Paleoenvironments | p. 95 |
| Lagerstatten | p. 96 |
| Biomarkers | p. 97 |
| Molecular Clock Analyses | p. 97 |
| Evolutionary Paleoecology | p. 98 |
| Doushantuo Fauna (?600-570 Mya) | p. 99 |
| Ediacara Avalon Assemblage (575-560 Mya) | p. 101 |
| Ediacara White Sea Assemblage (560-550 Mya) | p. 102 |
| Ediacara Nama Assemblage (549-542 Mya) | p. 105 |
| Discussion | p. 108 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 110 |
| References | p. 110 |
| A Critical Look at the Ediacaran Trace Fossil Record | |
| Introduction | p. 116 |
| Problems in the Interpretation of Ediacaran Trace Fossils | p. 117 |
| Tubular Organisms | p. 119 |
| Palaeopascichnus-type Fossils | p. 120 |
| List of Ediacaran Trace Fossils | p. 120 |
| Discussion | p. 135 |
| True and False Ediacaran Trace Fossils | p. 136 |
| Archaeonasso-type trace fossils | p. 136 |
| Beltanelliformis-type fossils | p. 136 |
| Bilinichnus | p. 137 |
| Chondrites | p. 137 |
| Cochlichnus | p. 137 |
| Didymaulichnus | p. 137 |
| Gyrolithes | p. 138 |
| Harlaniella | p. 138 |
| Helminthoidichnites-type trace fossils | p. 138 |
| Lockeia | p. 139 |
| Monomorphichnus | p. 139 |
| Neonereites | p. 139 |
| Palaeopascichnus-type fossils | p. 139 |
| Planolites-Palaeophycus | p. 140 |
| "Radulichnus" | p. 140 |
| Skolithos | p. 141 |
| Torrowangea | p. 141 |
| Dickinsonid trace fossils | p. 142 |
| Meniscate trace fossils | p. 142 |
| Star-shaped trace fossils | p. 142 |
| Treptichnids | p. 143 |
| Ediacaran Trace Fossil Diversity | p. 143 |
| Stratigraphic Distribution and Broader Implications of Ediacaran Trace Fossils | p. 145 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 147 |
| References | p. 147 |
| The Developmental Origins of Animal Bodyplans | |
| Introduction | p. 160 |
| Pre-Bilaterian Developmental Evolution | p. 163 |
| Phylogenetic Framework | p. 163 |
| Unicellular Development | p. 165 |
| Poriferan Development | p. 166 |
| Cnidarian Development | p. 167 |
| The Acoel Conundrum | p. 171 |
| Development of the Urbilateria | p. 172 |
| Anterior-Posterior Patterning and Hox and ParaHox Clusters | p. 172 |
| Head Formation and the Evolution of the Central Nervous System | p. 174 |
| Eye Formation | p. 176 |
| Dorsal-Ventral Patterning | p. 178 |
| Gut and Endoderm Formation | p. 178 |
| Segmentation | p. 179 |
| Heart Formation | p. 181 |
| Appendage Formation | p. 182 |
| Other Conserved Elements | p. 183 |
| Constructing Ancestors | p. 184 |
| Maximally Complex Ancestor | p. 184 |
| An Alternative View | p. 186 |
| Conclusions | p. 188 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 189 |
| References | p. 189 |
| Molecular Timescale of Evolution in the Proterozoic | |
| Introduction | p. 199 |
| Molecular Clock Methods | p. 201 |
| Molecular Timescales | p. 203 |
| Prokaryotes | p. 203 |
| Eukaryotes | p. 205 |
| Land Plants | p. 212 |
| Fungi | p. 213 |
| Animals | p. 215 |
| Astrobiological Implications | p. 217 |
| Complexity | p. 217 |
| Global glaciations | p. 219 |
| Oxygen and the Cambrian explosion | p. 221 |
| Conclusions | p. 221 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 222 |
| References | p. 222 |
| A Neoproterozoic Chronology | |
| Introduction | p. 232 |
| Constructing the Record | p. 233 |
| The Neoproterozoic Sedimentary Record | p. 233 |
| The [delta][superscript 13]C Record | p. 236 |
| Bases for Correlation | p. 238 |
| Review of the Neoproterozoic | p. 242 |
| The Tonian (1000-720? Ma) | p. 242 |
| The Cryogenian (720?-635 Ma) | p. 245 |
| The Sturtian Glaciation | p. 245 |
| The Interglacial | p. 248 |
| The Marinoan Glaciation | p. 250 |
| The Ediacaran Period (635-542 Ma) | p. 253 |
| The Post-Marinoan Cap Carbonate Sequence | p. 253 |
| The Early Ediacaran | p. 254 |
| The Gaskiers Glaciation | p. 258 |
| The Terminal Proterozoic | p. 260 |
| Conclusions | p. 261 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 262 |
| References | p. 262 |
| On Neoproterozoic Cap Carbonates as Chronostratigraphic Markers | |
| Introduction | p. 273 |
| "Two Kinds" of Cap Carbonates | p. 276 |
| Key Neoproterozoic Successions | p. 277 |
| Southeastern Idaho | p. 277 |
| Oman | p. 282 |
| South China | p. 283 |
| Namibia | p. 284 |
| Tasmania | p. 284 |
| Conterminous Australia | p. 285 |
| Newfoundland | p. 285 |
| Northwestern Canada | p. 286 |
| Discussion | p. 286 |
| Global Correlations, Cap Carbonates, and New Radiometric Constraints | p. 286 |
| Intra-continental Marinoan-style Cap Carbonates -90 m.y. Apart | p. 288 |
| Is it Time to Abandon the Terms Sturtian and Marinoan? | p. 290 |
| Conclusion | p. 290 |
| References | p. 291 |
| Index | p. 295 |
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