| Acknowledgments | p. ix |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Contemporary Liberalism | |
| Contemporary Liberal Exclusionism I: John Rawls's Antiperfectionist Liberalism | p. 9 |
| Rawls's Political Liberalism | p. 10 |
| The Inadequacy of Rawlsian Liberalism | p. 14 |
| Contemporary Liberal Exclusionism II: Rawls, Macedo, and "Neutral" Liberal Public Reason | p. 24 |
| Macedo's Rawlsian Public Reason | p. 28 |
| Some Basic Problems With Public Reason | p. 29 |
| Macedo's Critique of Natural Law | p. 31 |
| Slavery and Abortion | p. 33 |
| Public Reason as Argumentative Sleight-of-Hand | p. 37 |
| Public Reason and Religion | p. 41 |
| Conclusion | p. 43 |
| Contemporary Liberal Exclusionism III: Gutmann and Thompson on "Reciprocity" | p. 44 |
| The Condition of Reciprocity | p. 44 |
| Why Liberal Reciprocity Is Unreasonable | p. 46 |
| Contemporary Liberalism and Autonomy I: Ronald Dworkin on Paternalism | p. 57 |
| Volitional and Critical Interests | p. 58 |
| Paternalism | p. 59 |
| Additive and Constitutive Views of the Good Life | p. 60 |
| Critique of Various Forms of Paternalism | p. 62 |
| A "Paternalist" Response | p. 67 |
| Conclusion | p. 80 |
| Contemporary Liberalism and Autonomy II: Joseph Raz on Trust and Citizenship | p. 82 |
| Coercion | p. 83 |
| Trust | p. 84 |
| Trust and Citizenship | p. 89 |
| Problems With Raz's Citizenship | p. 91 |
| Citizenship, Self-Respect, and Mutual Respect | p. 92 |
| Liberal Tyranny | p. 96 |
| Conclusion | p. 97 |
| "Offensive Liberalism": Macedo and "Liberal" Education | p. 100 |
| Diversity and Distrust | p. 101 |
| Distrusting Diversity and Distrust | p. 104 |
| Conclusion | p. 125 |
| Liberalism and Natural Law | |
| Understanding Liberalism: A Broader Vision | p. 131 |
| Understandings of Liberalism | p. 131 |
| A Brief History of Liberalism | p. 134 |
| Core Principles of Liberalism | p. 144 |
| Tendencies of Liberalism | p. 146 |
| Defining Liberalism Too Broadly? | p. 148 |
| Understanding Natural Law | p. 152 |
| A Brief History of Natural Law | p. 152 |
| Levels of Natural Law | p. 164 |
| Contemporary Natural Law Debates: The "New Natural Law Theory" | p. 169 |
| Core Agreement on Natural Law | p. 174 |
| Classical Natural Law and Liberty | p. 176 |
| Liberalism and Natural Law | p. 185 |
| The Truth Natural Law Sees in Liberalism | p. 185 |
| What Liberalism Often Fails to See | p. 205 |
| Reconciling Natural Law and Liberalism: Why Does It Matter? | p. 214 |
| "Cashing Out" Natural Law Liberalism: The Case of Religious Liberty | p. 217 |
| Preliminary Note on "Religion" | p. 217 |
| Natural Law and Religion | p. 220 |
| Natural Law, the Common Good, and Religion | p. 226 |
| Principled vs. Prudential Arguments for a Broad Scope of Religious Liberty | p. 238 |
| A Natural Law Public Philosophy | p. 248 |
| The Foundational Principle: The Dignity of the Human Person | p. 248 |
| The Origins and End of Government: The Common Good | p. 249 |
| The Legitimate Scope of Government: Limited Government | p. 249 |
| Political Authority | p. 250 |
| Citizenship | p. 251 |
| Political and Personal Rights of Citizens and Persons | p. 251 |
| Relationship of the Political Community to Other Communities: Civil Society | p. 251 |
| The Economic System and the Rights and Duties of Property | p. 252 |
| Education | p. 253 |
| Culture and Entertainment | p. 253 |
| The Shared Understanding of the Community Regarding Its History | p. 254 |
| Relationship of the Nation to Other Peoples and the World | p. 254 |
| Relationship of the Polity to the Transcendent Order | p. 255 |
| Conclusion | p. 256 |
| Index | p. 259 |
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