Preface xv
1 Nanomedicineâ"History and Recent Trends 1
Sohrab Nikazar and Hedieh Haji-Hashemi
List of Abbreviations 1
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Definition 3
1.3 History 4
1.4 The Main Aim and Recent Trends 7
1.5 Challenges 16
1.6 Current Status and Future Perspectives 18
1.7 Conclusion 19
References 19
2 Nanoparticles and Micelles as Biomedicine 25
Shivam Mishra, Pankaj Kumar Tyagi, Arvind Kumar and Raj Kumar Yadav
2.1 Nanoparticles 26
2.2 Nanoparticles as Biomedicine 29
2.3 Micelles as Biomedicine 33
2.4 Conclusion 45
References 45
3 Natural Product-Based Nanomedicine 53
Azahar N.I., Arifin M.A. and Mahmood S.
List of Abbreviations 54
3.1 Introduction 54
3.2 Natural Product 55
3.3 Natural Product-Based Nanomedicine 62
3.4 Conclusion 80
References 80
4 Engineered Liposomal Nanoparticles and Their Medical Applications 93
Syed Mahmood, Mohd Azmir Bin Arifin and Ayah R. Hilles
4.1 Introduction 94
4.2 Liposome Nanoparticles and Their Different Types 94
4.3 Ethosomes (Ethanolic Liposomes) 105
4.4 Types of Engineered Liposomal Drug Delivery Platforms 109
4.5 Medical Applications of Engineered Liposomes 113
4.6 Challenges and Limitations 119
4.7 Conclusions 119
Acknowledgment 126
References 126
5 Development and Characterization of Polymer Nanocomposites for Clinical Applications 137
Neelima S. and C. Sudarsanakumar
Abbreviations 137
5.1 Introduction 138
5.2 Polymer Nanocomposites 140
5.3 Synthesis of Polymer Nanocomposites 145
5.4 Characterization Techniques 148
5.5 Clinical Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites 149
5.6 Polymer Nanocomposites for Clinical Application 151
5.7 Conclusion 158
5.8 Future Perspective 158
Acknowledgement 158
References 159
6 Bionanocomposites for Clinical Applications 167
Shiji Mathew and Radhakrishnan E.K.
6.1 Introduction 167
6.2 Raw Materials Used for Bionanocomposites Preparation 168
6.3 Bionanocomposite Application in the Clinical Field 172
Conclusion 189
References 190
7 Nanomodified Polymers for Bone Regeneration and as Dental Implant 199
Mereena Luke, Tomy Muringayil Joseph, J³zef T. Haponiuk and Sabu Thomas
List of Abbreviations 200
7.1 Introduction 201
7.2 Nanomodified Polymers 205
7.3 Nanomodified Polymers for Bone Regeneration 206
7.4 Nanomodified Polymers for Dental Implants 217
7.5 Conclusion 218
References 219
8 Stimuli-Responsive Nanoengineered Scaffolds in Medicine and Healthcare 227
Sherin Jacob
Abbreviations 227
8.1 Introduction 228
8.2 pH-Responsive Nanoengineered Scaffolds 229
8.3 Light-Responsive Nanoengineered Scaffolds 230
8.4 Redox-Responsive Nanoengineered Scaffolds 231
8.5 Magnetic-Responsive Nanoengineered Scaffolds 232
8.6 Electro-Responsive Nanoengineered Scaffolds 232
8.7 Limitations and Challenges 233
8.8 Conclusion 234
References 234
9 Skin Care Applications of Nanomaterials 237
Pankaj Kumar Tyagi, Arvind Kumar, Shruti Tyagi and Raj Kumar Yadav
9.1 Introduction 237
9.2 The Use of Nanomaterials in Skin Care 239
9.3 Different Types of Nanomaterials Used in Cosmetics 241
9.4 Frequently Used Nanotechnology-Based Cosmetic Products 247
9.5 Future Goal 253
9.6 Conclusion 254
References 254
10 Nanocoated Wound Healing Materials 261
Vipina Vinod T. N., Neelima S., Radhakrishnan E. K., Jyothis Mathew and C. Sudarsanakumar
10.1 Introduction 261
10.2 Physiology of Wound Healing 264
10.3 Significance of Nanoparticles in Wound Healing 267
10.4 Nanoparticles Used for Wound Healing 268
10.5 Limitations 280
10.6 Future Perspectives 280
10.7 Conclusion 280
Acknowledgment 281
References 281
11 Nanomaterial Based Medical Textiles for Antimicrobial Applications 295
Subramanian Sundaramoorthy
List of Abbreviations 295
11.1 Introduction: Medical Textiles 296
11.2 Microorganisms 296
11.3 Antimicrobials 297
11.4 Nanomaterials 299
11.5 Conclusions 302
References 302
12 Nanotechnological Advancements in the Development of Antimicrobial PPE 309
Subramanian Sundaramoorthy
List of Abbreviations 309
12.1 Introduction 310
12.2 Gloves 310
12.3 Face Masks and Respirators 311
12.4 Coveralls 313
12.5 Conclusions 315
References 315
13 Nanotechnology-Enabled Face Masks for Improved Medical Applications 321
Soqrat Omari Shekaftik and Nafiseh Nasirzadeh
List of Abbreviations 321
13.1 The Era of Infections and the Need for Improved Masks 322
13.2 Manufacturing Methods for Mask Fabrics 323
13.3 Common Masks and Respirators in Healthcare Systems 326
13.4 Nanofibers 328
13.5 Nanoporous Membranes 330
13.6 Nanocoatings 330
13.7 Advances in Nanotechnology-Based Face Masks During the COVID-19 Pandemic 332
13.8 Are They Ready to Use? 334
References 335
14 Nanocoated Medical Devices: Prospects and Challenges 343
Deepa Narayanan, Giffin M. T., Vinitha P. V., Hima Sebastian and Midhun C. Dominic
List of Abbreviations 344
14.1 Introduction 344
14.2 Timeline of Nanocoating in Medicine 347
14.3 Nanocoating in Diagnostics and Disease Management 348
14.4 Nanocoating in Surgery 352
14.5 Nanocoated Implants 354
14.6 Risks and Challenges of Nanocoated Devices in Medicine 356
14.7 Future Perspectives of Nanocoated Devices 358
14.8 Conclusion 358
References 359
Index 363
