Preface.
Acknowledgements..
Part I: Rene Descartes (1596?1650):.
Introduction..
1. The Treatise on Light.
Description of a New World (ch. 6).
The Laws of Nature of This New World (ch. 7).
2. Principles of Philosophy.
The Principles of Human Knowledge(Part 1).
3. The Passions of the Soul.
The Passions in General (Part 1).
Part II: Thomas Hobbes (1588?1679):.
Introduction..
4. Concerning Body (De Corpore).
Of Method (from Part 1, ch. 6).
5. The Citizen (De Cive).
Of the Causes and First Beginning of Civil Government (Part 2,
ch. 5).
6. On Man (De Homine).
On Speech and Sciences (Bk XX).
On Appetite and Aversion, Pleasure and Displeasure and Their
Causes (Bk XXI).
On Religion (Bk XIV).
Part III: Benedict de Spinoza (1632?77):.
Introduction..
7. Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect.
On Method(sects 50?86).
8. Ethics.
On Human Freedom(Part 5).
9. Theological-Political Treatise.
Of the Foundations of a State (from ch. 16).
On Freedom of Thought and Speech (ch. 20).
Part IV: Nicolas Malebranche (1638?1715):.
Introduction..
10. The Search After Truth.
On the Nature of Ideas (Bk III, Part 2, chs 1?7).
11. Treatise on Nature and Grace.
On the General and Particular Wills (Illustration).
12. Dialogues on Metaphysics and on Religion.
Dialogue VI.
Part V: G. W. Leibniz (1646?1716):.
Introduction..
13. Meditations on Knowledge, Truth, and Ideas.
14. On Nature Itself.
15. The Theodicy.
A Vindication of God's Justice (from the Appendix).
16. The Principles of Nature and of Grace, Based on
Reason.
Part VI: John Locke (1632?1704):.
Introduction..
17. Essay concerning Human Understanding.
Of Ideas in General (Bk II, ch. 1, sects 1?5).
Of Simple Ideas (ch. 2, sects 1?3).
Of the Qualities and Powers of Bodies (ch. 8, sects
7?15).
Of Perception (ch. 9, sects 1?15).
Of Complex Ideas (ch. 12, sects 1?7).
Of the Extent of Human Knowledge (Bk IV, ch. 3, sects
1?6).
Of Our Knowledge of the Existence of a God (ch. 10, sects
1?6).
18. Of the Conduct of the Understanding.
Of Truth and Error (sections 42?44).
19. A Discourse of Miracles.
20. The Second Treatise of Government.
Of the Beginning of Political Societies (ch. 8).
Part VII: George Berkeley (1685?1753):.
Introduction..
21. An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision.
On the Relation Between Objects of Sight and Touch (sects
121?48).
22. A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human
Knowledge.
Argument Against the Existence of Material Substance (sects
17?33).
23. Concerning Motion (abridged).
24. Passive Obedience.
Part VIII: David Hume (1711?76):.
Introduction..
25. An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding.
Of the Academical or Sceptical Philosophy (sect. 12).
26. An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals.
Concerning Moral Sentiment (Appendix I).
27. Of the Original Contract.
28. The Natural History of Religion.
Bad Influence of Popular Religions on Morality (sect. 14).
General Corollary (sect. 15).
Part IX: Thomas Reid (1710?96):.
Introduction..
29. Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man.
Of Perception (from Essay II).
Of Mr. Hume's Skepticism With Regard to Reason (from Essay
VII).
30. Essays on the Active Powers of the Human Mind.
Of Morals (from Essay V).
31. Some Observations on the Modern System of
Materialism.
Part X: Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712?88):.
Introduction..
32. Discourse on the Arts and the Sciences.
The Effect of the Arts and Sciences on Moral Development
(excerpt).
33. Discourse on the Origin of Inequality.
34. Emile.
On Government (from Bk V).
35. The Social Contract.
Civil Religion (ch. 8).
Part XI: Immanuel Kant (1724?1804):.
Introduction..
36. What Real Progress Has Metaphysics Made in Germany since
the Time of Leibniz and Wolff?.
37. The Metaphysics of Morals (Introduction).
Rudimentary Concepts of the Metaphysics of Morals.
38. Logic.
Concept of Philosophy in General (from the Introduction).
39. On the Relationship of Theory to Practice in Political
Right (abridged).
40. Lectures on Philosophical Theology.
The Nature and Certainty of Moral Faith (sect. 2).
Part XII: Jeremy Bentham (1748?1832):.
Introduction..
41. An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and
Legislation.
Of the Principle of Utility (ch. 1).
42. The Panopticon; or Inspection-House.
Plan for a Penitentiary Inspection-House (Letter 2).
Extent for a Single Building (Letter 3).
Essential Points of the Plan (Letter 5).
43. A Fragment on Ontology.
Introduction; Classification of Entities (ch. 1).
44. Essay on Logic.
Of Exposition by Paraphrasis (sect. 7).
45. A Fragment on Government.
Of the Original Contract (chs 36?40).
46. Chrestomathia.
Sources of Motion (Appendix V).
Part XIII: G. W. F. Hegel (1770?1831):.
Introduction..
47. Who Thinks Abstractly?.
48. Logic.
49. Phenomenology of Spirit.
Introduction (§§ 73?89).
The Truth of Self-Certainty (§§ 166?77).
Part XIV: Soren Kierkegaard (1813?55):.
Introduction..
50. Fear and Trembling.
Is There a Teleological Suspension of the Ethical? (Problema
I).
51. Purity of Heart Is To Will One Thing.
Live as an "Individual" (excerpt).
52. Practice in Christianity.
The Halt (from No. I).
The Categories of Offense, That Is, of Essential Offense
(from No. II).
53. The Fatherland.
Would It Be Best Now to "Stop Ringing the Fire Alarm"? (article
XIV).
54. The Instant.
What Says the Fire Chief? (No. 6).
When is "the Instant"? (No. 10).
Part XV: Arthur Schopenhauer (1788?1860):.
Introduction..
55. The World as Will and Representation.
On Philosophy (from v. I).
On the Fundamental View of Idealism (v. II, ch. 1).
On the Primacy of the Will in Self-Consciousness (v. II, ch.
19).
On Death (v. II, ch. 41).
On Philosophy (from v. II).
Part XVI: John Stuart Mill (1806?73):.
Introduction..
56. Speech on Perfectibility.
57. On Democracy.
58. A System of Logic.
Of the Ground of Induction (ch. 3, abridged).
59. Utilitarianism.
Of the Ultimate Sanction of the Principle of Utility (ch.
3).
60. The Utility of Religion.
The Religion of Humanity (excerpt).
Part XVII: Karl Marx (1818?83):.
Introduction..
61. Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts.
Third Manuscript (excerpt).
62. Manifesto of the Communist Party.
Bourgeois and Proletarians (from ch. 1).
63. Capital: A Critique of Political Economy.
The Fetishism of Commodities and the Secret Thereof (sect.
4).
Part XVIII: Friedrich Nietzsche (1844?1900):.
Introduction..
64. Human, All-Too-Human.
Man Alone With Himself (excerpt).
65. Daybreak (Preface).
66. The Gay Science (excerpts).
Select Bibliography of Recent Literature.
Index.
