| Preface | p. v |
| Structure, Distribution, Biosynthesis and Function | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Nomenclature | p. 2 |
| Biosynthesis of Porphyrins, Haem and Chlorophyll | p. 3 |
| Biosynthesis of Bilins in Animals and Plants | p. 9 |
| Degradation of haem to bile pigments | p. 9 |
| Biosynthesis of bilins in plants, algae and cyanobacteria | p. 11 |
| Degradation of chlorophyll in senescent higher plants | p. 13 |
| Function of Porphyrins and Other Tetrapyrroles | p. 15 |
| High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Porphyrins | p. 25 |
| Introduction | p. 25 |
| HPLC of Porphyrin Methyl Esters | p. 26 |
| HPLC of Porphyrin Free Acids | p. 27 |
| Stationary phases for reversed-phase HPLC of porphyrins | p. 28 |
| Mobile phases for reversed-phase HPLC of porphyrins | p. 29 |
| Procedure for optimisation of porphyrin separation by reversed-phase HPLC | p. 32 |
| Retention behaviour of porphyrins in reversed-phase HPLC | p. 34 |
| HPLC of Porphyrinogens | p. 40 |
| Mass Spectrometry of Porphyrins | p. 51 |
| Introduction | p. 51 |
| Fast Atom Bombardment (FAB) Mass Spectrometry of Porphyrins | p. 52 |
| Laser Desorption/lonisation Time-of-Flight (LDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry of Porphyrins | p. 52 |
| Electrospray lonisation Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) and HPLC/ESI-MS of Porphyrins | p. 56 |
| HPLC/ESI-MS of porphyrins | p. 58 |
| ESI-MS/MS fragmentation of porphyrins | p. 64 |
| ESI-MS/MS production spectrum and fragmentation pathways of uroporphyrin | p. 65 |
| ESI-MS/MS fragmentation of hydroxyuroporphyrins | p. 65 |
| ESI-MS/MS product ion spectrum and fragmentation pathways of meso-hydroxyuroporphyrin | p. 67 |
| ESI-MS/MS product ion spectrum of hydroxyacetic acid uroporphyrin | p. 69 |
| ESI-MS/MS product ion spectrum of ¿-hydroxypropionic acid uroporphyrin | p. 71 |
| ESI-MS/MS product ion spectrum and fragmentation pathways of ß-hydroxypropionic acid uroporphyrin | p. 71 |
| ESI-MS/MS product ion spectra and fragmentation pathways of cis- and trans- hydroxyspirolactoneurochlorins | p. 74 |
| ESI-MS/MS product ion spectra and fragmentation pathways of cis- and trans-dihydroxyurochlorins | p. 75 |
| Characteristic ESI-MS/MS productions of hydroxyuroporphyrins | p. 80 |
| ESI-MS/MS product ion spectra of ketoacid uroporphyrins | p. 80 |
| ESI-MS/MS of heptacarboxylic porphyrin | p. 83 |
| ESI-MS/MS of hydroxyheptacarboxylic porphyrins | p. 86 |
| ESI-MS/MS of ketoacid heptacarboxylic porphyrins and formyl heptacarboxylic porphyrin | p. 86 |
| ESI-MS/MS product ion spectrum and fragmentation pattern of coproporphyrin | p. 89 |
| ESI-MS/MS of hydroxymethylcoproporphyrin | p. 93 |
| ESI-MS/MS of ß-ketopropionic acid coproporphyrin and formylcoproporphyrin | p. 93 |
| ESI-MS/MS product ion spectrum and fragmentation pattern of protoporphyrin | p. 93 |
| HPLC/ESI-MS and MS/MS of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives | p. 97 |
| Porphyrin Profiles in Blood, Urine and Faeces by HPLC and HPLC/ESI-MS | p. 107 |
| Introduction | p. 107 |
| Sample Collection and Preparation | p. 108 |
| Preparation of urine samples | p. 109 |
| Preparation of faecal sample | p. 110 |
| Extraction of porphyrins in plasma | p. 111 |
| Extraction of red blood cell porphyrins | p. 112 |
| Porphyrin Excretion Patterns and Enzyme Assays in the Porphyrias | p. 113 |
| Aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase deficiency porphyria (ADP) | p. 113 |
| Determination of ALA and PBG | p. 113 |
| Determination of erythrocyte Zn-protoporphyrin by HPLC | p. 119 |
| Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) | p. 119 |
| Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) | p. 123 |
| Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) | p. 127 |
| Determination of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity in erythrocytes by HPLC | p. 133 |
| Hereditary coproporphyria (HCP) | p. 135 |
| HPLC assay of coproporphyrinogen oxidase activity in peripheral leucocytes | p. 140 |
| Variegate porphyria (VP) | p. 143 |
| Determination of protoporphyrinogen oxidase by HPLC | p. 144 |
| Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) | p. 146 |
| HPLC assay for ferrochelatase in leucocytes or lymphocytes | p. 147 |
| Mixed porphyria | p. 149 |
| Isolation and Characterisation of Protoporphyrin Glycoconjugates from Harderian Glands of Rodents by HPLC and HPLC/ESI-MS | p. 155 |
| Introduction | p. 155 |
| Extraction of Porphyrins from Harderian Glands | p. 159 |
| HPLC Separation of Porphyrins from Rat Harderian Gland Extract | p. 160 |
| Identification of Protoporphyrin Glycoconjugates from Rat Harderian Glands by Capillary Electrophoresis and HPLC/ESI-MS | p. 162 |
| Characterisation of protoporphyrin xyloside isolated from Harderian glands | p. 166 |
| Characterisation of protoporphyrin monoglucoside isolated from Harderian glands of the rat | p. 172 |
| Origin and Function of Protoporphyrin Glycoconjugates in Harderian Glands of Rodents | p. 173 |
| HPLC and HPLC/MS of Chlorophyll and Related Compounds | p. 177 |
| Introduction | p. 177 |
| Reversed-Phase HPLC of Chlorophyll and Related Compounds in Plant Extracts | p. 177 |
| Normal-Phase HPLC of Chlorophyll and Related Compounds | p. 181 |
| HPLC Separation of Fluorescent and Non-Fluorescent Chlorophyll Catabolites | p. 183 |
| HPLC/MS and MS/MS of Chlorophyll and Related Compounds | p. 185 |
| HPLC and HPLC/MS of Bilins of Animal and Plant Origin | p. 191 |
| Introduction | p. 191 |
| HPLC Separation of Bilirubin III¿, IX¿ and XIII¿ Isomers | p. 191 |
| HPLC Separation of Bilirubin Conjugates | p. 194 |
| HPLC of Biliverdins | p. 195 |
| HPLC of Biliviolins | p. 198 |
| HPLC of Urobilinoids | p. 198 |
| Analysis and Determination of Bile Pigments in Biological and Clinical Samples by HPLC | p. 201 |
| HPLC methods for the determination of conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin in serum | p. 202 |
| Extraction and determination of conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin in serum following trans-esterification | p. 203 |
| Solid-phase extraction (SPE) and determination of conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin in serum | p. 204 |
| Simultaneous determination of conjugated bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin and biliprotein or ¿-bilirubin by direct injection HPLC | p. 207 |
| HPLC/ESI-MS and MS/MS of Bile Pigments | p. 208 |
| Characterisation of Tetrapyrrole Pigments in Avian Eggshells | p. 212 |
| Extraction of pigments from eggshells | p. 213 |
| HPLC and HPLC/MS of Phycobilins | p. 217 |
| HPLC separation of Phycobiliproteins | p. 217 |
| Future Directions of HPLC and Mass Spectrometry of Tetrapyrroles | p. 223 |
| Index | p. 227 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |