| Preface | p. ix |
| Contributing Authors | p. xi |
| Elements of Laser Emission Process | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Components of a Laser Source | p. 2 |
| Laser Amplification | p. 4 |
| Beam Divergence | p. 4 |
| Monochromaticity | p. 5 |
| Optical Coherence Length and Time | p. 6 |
| Interaction of Radiation with Atomic System | p. 7 |
| Einstien Transition Coefficients | p. 9 |
| Light Amplification | p. 11 |
| Laser Efficiency of a Medium | p. 13 |
| Laser Gain | p. 14 |
| Q-Switched Laser | p. 15 |
| Ruby Laser | p. 17 |
| Helium-Neon Laser | p. 17 |
| Lasers in Medicine | p. 19 |
| Bibliography | p. 20 |
| Laser-Tissue Interaction | p. 21 |
| Introduction | p. 21 |
| General Consideration of Laser-Tissue Interaction | p. 22 |
| Overview of Laser Propagation in Tissue | p. 26 |
| Models of Laser-Tissue Propagation | p. 36 |
| Monte Carlo Simulation of Laser-Tissue Interaction | p. 39 |
| Thermal and Mechanical Damage of Tissue | p. 46 |
| Examples of Tissue Properties | p. 51 |
| Summary | p. 53 |
| Helpful Mathematical Relations | p. 54 |
| References | p. 56 |
| Laser Ophthalmology | p. 59 |
| Introduction | p. 59 |
| Characteristics of the Human Eye | p. 59 |
| Visual Refractive Errors | p. 65 |
| Laser Interaction with Eye Tissues | p. 67 |
| Laser Applications in Ophthalmology--Diagnostic | p. 71 |
| Laser Applications in Ophthalmology--Therapeutic | p. 77 |
| Laser Applications in Ophthalmology--The Future | p. 82 |
| References | p. 86 |
| Laser Cardiology | p. 91 |
| Laser Therapy and Diagnosis | p. 91 |
| Laser Therapy | p. 91 |
| Laser Diagnosis | p. 107 |
| References (Part A) | p. 111 |
| Some Case Studies | p. 114 |
| Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization (TMLR) | p. 114 |
| Laser Vasculr Anastomosis | p. 123 |
| Laser Angioplasty for Cardiovascular Disease | p. 134 |
| References (Part B) | p. 142 |
| Laser Tomography | p. 147 |
| Introduction | p. 147 |
| Diffusing Light Technologies | p. 147 |
| Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy | p. 164 |
| Optical Coherence Tomography | p. 171 |
| Spatial Speckle Correlometry | p. 181 |
| Imaging Techniques Based on Speckle Contrast Analysis | p. 188 |
| References | p. 190 |
| Lasers in Urology | p. 195 |
| Introduction | p. 195 |
| Lasers in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia | p. 195 |
| Laser Treatment of Bladder and Urethral Tumors | p. 204 |
| Stricture of Urinary Tract | p. 210 |
| Laser Lithotripsy | p. 215 |
| Some Useful Laser Devices for Lithotripsy | p. 216 |
| Other Uses | p. 219 |
| References | p. 222 |
| Laser Lithotripsy | p. 227 |
| Introduction | p. 227 |
| Surgical Management of Urinary Stones | p. 228 |
| Laser Lithotripsy | p. 235 |
| Summary | p. 249 |
| References | p. 249 |
| Laser Dermatology | p. 257 |
| Introduction | p. 257 |
| Basic Principles and Concepts | p. 259 |
| Dermatological Applications of Lasers | p. 264 |
| References | p. 284 |
| Laser Dentistry | p. 289 |
| Introduction | p. 289 |
| The Human Tooth | p. 289 |
| Laser Treatment of Hard Tooth Substance | p. 292 |
| Laser Treatment of Soft Dental Tissue | p. 302 |
| Lasers in Endodontics | p. 304 |
| Laser Treatrment of Filling Materials | p. 304 |
| References | p. 306 |
| Lasers in Gynaecology | p. 309 |
| Introduction | p. 309 |
| Laparoscopy/Laparotomy with Lasers | p. 311 |
| Hysteroscopic Procedures with Laser | p. 318 |
| Colposcopy with Lasers | p. 320 |
| Assisted Reproductive Technique (ART) | p. 321 |
| Future Trends of Lasers in Gynaecology | p. 322 |
| References | p. 323 |
| Laser Safety in Medicine | p. 327 |
| Introduction | p. 327 |
| Classification of Laser Hazards | p. 327 |
| Common Wavelengths | p. 329 |
| Fiber Optics | p. 330 |
| Laser Tissue Interaction | p. 332 |
| Non-beam Hazards | p. 335 |
| Persons Under Risks | p. 340 |
| Laser Safety Elements | p. 340 |
| Duties of a Laser Safety Officer | p. 341 |
| Laser Safety Committee | p. 342 |
| Laser Safety Training | p. 342 |
| Authority for Laser Procedures | p. 343 |
| Laser Safety in Different Settings | p. 344 |
| Laser Safety Devices | p. 345 |
| Reflections | p. 349 |
| Alignment Aids | p. 350 |
| Low Power Laser Safety | p. 350 |
| Laser Safety Policies and Procedures | p. 350 |
| Laser Incidents | p. 353 |
| References | p. 353 |
| Resource Material | p. 354 |
| (Glossary of Terms in Lasers and Devices) | p. 355 |
| Subject Index | p. 363 |
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