PREFACE
1 THE TWILIGHT OF THE TONAL SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
DIATONIC TONAL MUSIC
CHROMATIC TONAL MUSIC
SOME ASPECTS OF CHROMATIC HARMONY
SUSPENDED TONALITY AND ATONALITY
SUMMARY
MUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXT
NOTES
EXERCISES
2 SCALE FORMATIONS IN POST-TONAL MUSIC
INTRODUCTION
FIVE-NOTE SCALES
SIX-NOTE SCALES
SEVEN-NOTE SCALES: THE DIATONIC MODES
OTHER SEVEN-NOTE SCALES
EIGHT-NOTE SCALES
THE CHROMATIC SCALE
MICROTONAL SCALES
SCALAR TRANSFORMATIONS
OTHER POSSIBILITIES
SUMMARY
MUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXT
NOTES
EXERCISES
3 THE VERTICAL DIMENSION: CHORDS AND SIMULTANEITIES
INTRODUCTION
CONVENTIONAL TERTIAN SONORITIES
TERTIAN CHORDS WITH ADDED NOTES
TERTIAN CHORDS WITH SPLIT CHORD MEMBERS
OPEN-5TH CHORDS
QUARTAL AND QUINTAL CHORDS
SECUNDAL CHORDS
MIXED-INTERVAL CHORDS
WHOLE-TONE CHORDS
POLYCHORDS
SUMMARY
MUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXT
NOTES
EXERCISES
4 THE HORIZONTAL DIMENSION: MELODY AND VOICE LEADING
INTRODUCTION
SOME NEW STYLISTIC FEATURES OF POST-TONAL MELODY
SOME ASPECTS OF MELODIC ORGANIZATION
VOICE LEADING IN POST-TONAL MUSIC
DISSONANCE TREATMENT
TINTINNABULI TECHNIQUE
ALIGNED INTERVAL CYCLES
SUMMARY
MUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXT
NOTES
EXERCISES
5 HARMONIC PROGRESSION AND TONALITY
INTRODUCTION
TRADITIONAL APPROACHES TO HARMONIC PROGRESSION
NEW APPROACHES TO HARMONIC PROGRESSION
ESTABLISHING A TONAL CENTER
TERTIAN AND NONTERTIAN PITCH-CENTRICITY
POLYTONALITY
PANDIATONICISM
ATONALITY
NONHARMONIC MUSIC
SUMMARY
MUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXT
NOTES
EXERCISES
6 NONSERIAL ATONALITY
INTRODUCTION
CHARACTERISTICS OF ATONAL MUSIC
PITCH-CLASS SETS
PITCH-CLASS INTERVALS
OCTAVE EQUIVALENCE, TRANSPOSITIONAL EQUIVALENCE, AND NORMAL ORDER
INVERSIONAL EQUIVALENCE AND BEST NORMAL ORDER
PRIME FORMS AND SET CLASSES
THE INTERVAL-CLASS VECTOR
FORTE LABEL
SUBSETS
AGGREGATES
MORE ABOUT SEGMENTATION
INTEGRATING SETS AND SEGMENTS IN ANALYSIS
SET THEORY IN OTHER CONTEXTS
SUMMARY
MUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXT
NOTES
EXERCISES
7 DEVELOPMENTS IN RHYTHM
INTRODUCTION
WRITTEN RHYTHM AND PERCEIVED RHYTHM
CHANGING TIME SIGNATURES
NONTRADITIONAL TIME SIGNATURES
POLYMETER
AMETRIC MUSIC
ADDED VALUES AND NONRETROGRADABLE RHYTHMS
TEMPO MODULATION AND POLYTEMPO
SERIALIZED RHYTHM AND ISORHYTHM
THE NEW COMPLEXITY
SUMMARY
MUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXT
NOTES
EXERCISES
8 FORM IN POST-TONAL MUSIC
INTRODUCTION
ONE-PART FORM AND BINARY FORM
TERNARY FORM
RONDO FORMS
OTHER PART FORMS
SONATA FORM
SECTIONAL VARIATIONS
CONTINUOUS VARIATIONS
CANON AND FUGUE
PROPORTION: THE GOLDEN MEAN
NONTHEMATIC DELINEATORS OF MUSICAL FORM
NONORGANIC APPROACHES TO MUSICAL FORM
SUMMARY
MUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXT
NOTES
EXERCISES
9 IMPORTS AND ALLUSIONS
INTRODUCTION
INFLUENCES FROM THE PAST
INFLUENCES FROM FOLK MUSIC, JAZZ, AND ROCK
MUSIC FROM OTHER CULTURES
SUMMARY
MUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXT
NOTES
EXERCISES
10 CLASSICAL SERIALISM
INTRODUCTION
BASIC TERMINOLOGY
THE TWELVE-TONE MATRIX
A FIRST EXAMPLE
ANALYZING A ROW
COMPOSITIONAL USES OF THE ROW
ROW SUCCESSION
COMBINATORIALITY
THE ANALYSIS OF SERIAL MUSIC
SUMMARY
MUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXT
NOTES
EXERCISES
11 TIMBRE AND TEXTURE: ACOUSTIC
INTRODUCTION
NEW TIMBRAL EFFECTS FROM TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENTS
WIND INSTRUMENTS
STRINGED INSTRUMENTS
PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS
THE PIANO
THE VOICE
INSTRUMENTATION AND ORCHESTRATION
TRADITIONAL TEXTURES AND COMPOUND TEXTURES
POINTILLISM, STRATIFICATION, AND SOUND-MASS
SPECTRALISM
SUMMARY
MUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXT
NOTES
EXERCISES
12 TIMBRE AND TEXTURE: ELECTRONIC
INTRODUCTION
CONCRETE MUSIC
THE CLASSICAL ELECTRONIC MUSIC STUDIO
DIGITAL SYNTHESIS
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MIDI
SAMPLERS, PERSONAL COMPUTERS, AND RECENT TRENDS IN DIGITAL SYNTHESIS
TAPE AND INSTRUMENT, LIVE PERFORMANCE, AND INTERACTIVE COMPUTER MUSIC
NOTATION OF ELECTRONIC MUSIC
SUMMARY
MUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXT
NOTES
EXERCISES
13 SERIALISM AFTER 1945
INTRODUCTION
INTEGRAL SERIALISM
INTEGRAL SERIALISM IN PERSPECTIVE
OTHER ASPECTS OF SERIALISM
MUSIC AFTER SERIALISM
SUMMARY
MUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXT
NOTES
EXERCISES
14 THE ROLES OF CHANCE AND CHOICE IN POST-TONAL MUSIC
INTRODUCTION
CHANCE IN COMPOSITION
CHOICE IN PERFORMANCE
SOME EXAMPLES OF PERFORMER INDETERMINACY
GRAPHIC SCORES AND TEXT SCORES
MUSIC ON THE FRINGE
SUMMARY
MUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXT
NOTES
EXERCISES
15 MINIMALISM AND BEYOND
INTRODUCTION
MINIMALISM
BEYOND MINIMALISM
SUMMARY
MUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXT
NOTES
EXERCISES
APPENDIX: PRIME FORMS, FORTE
LABELS, AND INTERVAL-CLASS VECTORS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX
