Mass Transport in Solids and Fluids

By: David S. Wilkinson, D. R. Clarke (Editor), S. Suresh (Editor)

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Paperback | 13 December 2000

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290 Pages

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The field of matter transport is central to understanding the processing of materials and their subsequent mechanical properties. While thermodynamics determines the final state of a material system, it is the kinetics of mass transport that governs how it gets there. This book gives a solid grounding in the principles of matter transport and their application to a range of engineering problems. The author develops a unified treatment of mass transport applicable to both solids and liquids. Traditionally matter transport in fluids is considered as an extension of heat transfer and can appear to have little relationship to diffusion in solids. This unified approach clearly makes the connection between these important fields. This book is aimed at advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students of materials science and engineering and related disciplines. It contains numerous worked examples and unsolved problems. The material can be covered in a one semester course.

Industry Reviews

'... with its good, flowing English (easy for students to understand), clear layout - especially of equations, and ample examples of real practical cases, this book has very few faults. I have no hesitation in recommending this book for use in UK universities as a course reference book. The book would also be useful for anybody, including relevant physicists and chemists. In addition to materials scientists and engineers, as a reference book in research, development and even day-to-day technical problem-solving tasks.' Dr Wei Sha, Materials World

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Non-Fiction Engineering & Technology Mechanical Engineering & Materials Materials Science Technology in General Engineering in General Science Physics Materials & States of Matter Classical Mathematics Fluid Mechanics Mechanical Engineering

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Hardcover

Published: 15th March 2001

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Preface	p. xiii
Principal symbols	p. xv
Overview	p. 1
Introduction to mass transport mechanisms	p. 3
Mass transport processes	p. 3
Statement of Fick's First Law	p. 4
Mechanisms of diffusion	p. 6
Diffusion in solids	p. 7
Interstitial diffusion	p. 8
Vacancy diffusion	p. 11
Diffusion in alloys	p. 13
Diffusion in compounds	p. 14
Diffusion in liquids	p. 14
Diffusion in gases	p. 15
Diffusion data	p. 17
Mass transport by convection	p. 19
Further reading	p. 20
Problems to chapter 1	p. 20
Solid-state diffusion in dilute alloys	p. 23
Steady-state diffusion	p. 25
Fick's First Law	p. 26
Applications to steady-state problems	p. 26
Measurement of the diffusion coefficient	p. 26
Permeability of gases through a solid	p. 29
Diffusion in parallel through a composite solid	p. 35
Growth of surface layers--pseudo steady state	p. 39
Growth of oxide films	p. 39
Slip casting	p. 43
Further reading	p. 44
Problems to chapter 2	p. 44
Transient diffusion problems	p. 47
Fick's Second Law	p. 47
Solutions to Fick's Second Law	p. 50
Introduction	p. 50
Approaches to solving transient diffusion problems	p. 51
Solutions to Fick's Second Law at short time (far from equilibrium)	p. 54
Plane initial source	p. 54
Diffusion from a distributed source	p. 60
Diffusion from a surface at fixed concentration	p. 64
Diffusion between two solids with different initial solute concentration	p. 68
The nominal diffusion distance	p. 68
Solution methods for Fick's Second Law at longer time (near equilibrium)	p. 72
Diffusion in a slab from a plane initial source	p. 72
Use of image sources	p. 73
General solutions to Fick's Second Law	p. 77
Standard solutions to long-time transient diffusion problems	p. 80
Uniform initial concentration C[subscript i] and fixed surface concentration C[subscript s]	p. 80
Uniform initial concentration C[subscript i] with fixed surface flux J*	p. 85
Uniform initial concentration but different boundary conditions	p. 86
Diffusion through a hollow cylinder or sphere	p. 88
Other solutions	p. 89
Further reading	p. 90
Problems to chapter 3	p. 90
Applications to problems in materials engineering	p. 96
Introduction	p. 96
Boundary conditions	p. 97
Applications involving gas--solid reactions	p. 99
Introduction	p. 99
Simple gas--solid reactions	p. 100
Reactions involving gas mixtures	p. 104
Semiconductor doping	p. 105
Gas/solid interfaces without local equilibrium	p. 107
Further reading	p. 109
Problems to chapter 5	p. 109
Heat treatment of binary alloys	p. 114
Introduction	p. 114
Changing temperature within a two-phase field	p. 115
Solution valid at short time	p. 117
Solution valid at long time	p. 117
Particle dissolution	p. 120
Dissolution of plates	p. 120
Dissolution of spherical particles	p. 123
Growth of second-phase particles by solute rejection	p. 125
Planar growth	p. 125
Precipitation of spherical particles	p. 130
Cooperative growth processes	p. 132
Further reading	p. 136
Problems to chapter 6	p. 136
Mass transport in concentrated alloys and fluids	p. 147
Diffusion in concentrated alloys and fluids	p. 149
Concept of counter diffusion	p. 150
Kirkendall effect in solids	p. 153
Interdiffusion coefficient	p. 153
Diffusion couples	p. 157
Solid-state diffusion couples involving immiscible phases	p. 159
Simple diffusion couples for immiscible solids with no intermediate phases	p. 159
Couples with intermediate phases	p. 162
Diffusion in quiescent fluids	p. 166
Simple evaporation	p. 167
Evaporation involving reactions at a front	p. 169
Particle condensation during evaporation	p. 171
Near-surface internal precipitation in alloys	p. 173
Further reading	p. 176
Problems to chapter 7	p. 176
Mass transport in the presence of convection	p. 183
Transient diffusion in fluids	p. 183
Mass transport at a flowing interface	p. 185
Mass transfer coefficient	p. 187
Mass transfer to spheres	p. 188
Mass transfer coefficient for other geometries	p. 190
Models for mass transfer	p. 191
Stagnant film model	p. 191
Higbie penetration model	p. 192
Application to modelling evaporation from molten metal	p. 194
Quiescent systems containing internal reactions	p. 195
Further reading	p. 197
Problems to chapter 8	p. 197
Advanced topics	p. 202
Overall mass balance	p. 202
Multi-phase resistances	p. 206
Topochemical reaction kinetics	p. 209
Reduction of oxide pellets	p. 209
Gas diffusivity in porous solids	p. 212
Further reading	p. 214
Problems to chapter 9	p. 214
Alternative driving forces for diffusion	p. 221
General driving force for diffusion	p. 223
Theory	p. 223
Diffusion due to an electrical field	p. 226
Diffusion due to mechanical stress	p. 227
Vacancy diffusion due to local forces	p. 227
Application to diffusion creep	p. 230
Diffusion due to surface curvature	p. 231
Diffusion due to an activity gradient	p. 232
Application to 'uphill' diffusion	p. 233
Further reading	p. 234
Problems to chapter 10	p. 234
Appendices	p. 236
Mathematical methods for the solution of Fick's Second Law	p. 236
Separation of variables method	p. 236
Laplace transform method	p. 240
Selected diffusion data	p. 242
Self-diffusivity of the elements	p. 242
Solute diffusivity in compounds	p. 242
Solute diffusivity in alloys	p. 243
Selected binary and pseudo-binary phase diagrams	p. 244
Solving problems by developing conceptual models	p. 258
Introduction	p. 258
General method (to be adapted for particular cases)	p. 259
Example	p. 261
Problems on modelling	p. 264
Useful fundamental constants and conversions	p. 267
Index	p. 268
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

Mass Transport in Solids and Fluids

At a Glance

Paperback

Industry Reviews

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