Preface | p. xiii |
Principal symbols | p. xv |
Overview | p. 1 |
Introduction to mass transport mechanisms | p. 3 |
Mass transport processes | p. 3 |
Statement of Fick's First Law | p. 4 |
Mechanisms of diffusion | p. 6 |
Diffusion in solids | p. 7 |
Interstitial diffusion | p. 8 |
Vacancy diffusion | p. 11 |
Diffusion in alloys | p. 13 |
Diffusion in compounds | p. 14 |
Diffusion in liquids | p. 14 |
Diffusion in gases | p. 15 |
Diffusion data | p. 17 |
Mass transport by convection | p. 19 |
Further reading | p. 20 |
Problems to chapter 1 | p. 20 |
Solid-state diffusion in dilute alloys | p. 23 |
Steady-state diffusion | p. 25 |
Fick's First Law | p. 26 |
Applications to steady-state problems | p. 26 |
Measurement of the diffusion coefficient | p. 26 |
Permeability of gases through a solid | p. 29 |
Diffusion in parallel through a composite solid | p. 35 |
Growth of surface layers--pseudo steady state | p. 39 |
Growth of oxide films | p. 39 |
Slip casting | p. 43 |
Further reading | p. 44 |
Problems to chapter 2 | p. 44 |
Transient diffusion problems | p. 47 |
Fick's Second Law | p. 47 |
Solutions to Fick's Second Law | p. 50 |
Introduction | p. 50 |
Approaches to solving transient diffusion problems | p. 51 |
Solutions to Fick's Second Law at short time (far from equilibrium) | p. 54 |
Plane initial source | p. 54 |
Diffusion from a distributed source | p. 60 |
Diffusion from a surface at fixed concentration | p. 64 |
Diffusion between two solids with different initial solute concentration | p. 68 |
The nominal diffusion distance | p. 68 |
Solution methods for Fick's Second Law at longer time (near equilibrium) | p. 72 |
Diffusion in a slab from a plane initial source | p. 72 |
Use of image sources | p. 73 |
General solutions to Fick's Second Law | p. 77 |
Standard solutions to long-time transient diffusion problems | p. 80 |
Uniform initial concentration C[subscript i] and fixed surface concentration C[subscript s] | p. 80 |
Uniform initial concentration C[subscript i] with fixed surface flux J* | p. 85 |
Uniform initial concentration but different boundary conditions | p. 86 |
Diffusion through a hollow cylinder or sphere | p. 88 |
Other solutions | p. 89 |
Further reading | p. 90 |
Problems to chapter 3 | p. 90 |
Applications to problems in materials engineering | p. 96 |
Introduction | p. 96 |
Boundary conditions | p. 97 |
Applications involving gas--solid reactions | p. 99 |
Introduction | p. 99 |
Simple gas--solid reactions | p. 100 |
Reactions involving gas mixtures | p. 104 |
Semiconductor doping | p. 105 |
Gas/solid interfaces without local equilibrium | p. 107 |
Further reading | p. 109 |
Problems to chapter 5 | p. 109 |
Heat treatment of binary alloys | p. 114 |
Introduction | p. 114 |
Changing temperature within a two-phase field | p. 115 |
Solution valid at short time | p. 117 |
Solution valid at long time | p. 117 |
Particle dissolution | p. 120 |
Dissolution of plates | p. 120 |
Dissolution of spherical particles | p. 123 |
Growth of second-phase particles by solute rejection | p. 125 |
Planar growth | p. 125 |
Precipitation of spherical particles | p. 130 |
Cooperative growth processes | p. 132 |
Further reading | p. 136 |
Problems to chapter 6 | p. 136 |
Mass transport in concentrated alloys and fluids | p. 147 |
Diffusion in concentrated alloys and fluids | p. 149 |
Concept of counter diffusion | p. 150 |
Kirkendall effect in solids | p. 153 |
Interdiffusion coefficient | p. 153 |
Diffusion couples | p. 157 |
Solid-state diffusion couples involving immiscible phases | p. 159 |
Simple diffusion couples for immiscible solids with no intermediate phases | p. 159 |
Couples with intermediate phases | p. 162 |
Diffusion in quiescent fluids | p. 166 |
Simple evaporation | p. 167 |
Evaporation involving reactions at a front | p. 169 |
Particle condensation during evaporation | p. 171 |
Near-surface internal precipitation in alloys | p. 173 |
Further reading | p. 176 |
Problems to chapter 7 | p. 176 |
Mass transport in the presence of convection | p. 183 |
Transient diffusion in fluids | p. 183 |
Mass transport at a flowing interface | p. 185 |
Mass transfer coefficient | p. 187 |
Mass transfer to spheres | p. 188 |
Mass transfer coefficient for other geometries | p. 190 |
Models for mass transfer | p. 191 |
Stagnant film model | p. 191 |
Higbie penetration model | p. 192 |
Application to modelling evaporation from molten metal | p. 194 |
Quiescent systems containing internal reactions | p. 195 |
Further reading | p. 197 |
Problems to chapter 8 | p. 197 |
Advanced topics | p. 202 |
Overall mass balance | p. 202 |
Multi-phase resistances | p. 206 |
Topochemical reaction kinetics | p. 209 |
Reduction of oxide pellets | p. 209 |
Gas diffusivity in porous solids | p. 212 |
Further reading | p. 214 |
Problems to chapter 9 | p. 214 |
Alternative driving forces for diffusion | p. 221 |
General driving force for diffusion | p. 223 |
Theory | p. 223 |
Diffusion due to an electrical field | p. 226 |
Diffusion due to mechanical stress | p. 227 |
Vacancy diffusion due to local forces | p. 227 |
Application to diffusion creep | p. 230 |
Diffusion due to surface curvature | p. 231 |
Diffusion due to an activity gradient | p. 232 |
Application to 'uphill' diffusion | p. 233 |
Further reading | p. 234 |
Problems to chapter 10 | p. 234 |
Appendices | p. 236 |
Mathematical methods for the solution of Fick's Second Law | p. 236 |
Separation of variables method | p. 236 |
Laplace transform method | p. 240 |
Selected diffusion data | p. 242 |
Self-diffusivity of the elements | p. 242 |
Solute diffusivity in compounds | p. 242 |
Solute diffusivity in alloys | p. 243 |
Selected binary and pseudo-binary phase diagrams | p. 244 |
Solving problems by developing conceptual models | p. 258 |
Introduction | p. 258 |
General method (to be adapted for particular cases) | p. 259 |
Example | p. 261 |
Problems on modelling | p. 264 |
Useful fundamental constants and conversions | p. 267 |
Index | p. 268 |
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